<p>Kandawgyi Lake , is one of two major lakes in Yangon, Burma . Located east of the Shwedagon Pagoda, the lake is artificial; water from Inya Lake is channelled through a series of pipes to Kandawgyi Lake. It was created to provide a clean water supply to the city during the British colonial administration. It is approximately 5 miles  in circumference, and has a depth of 20 to 45 inches .</p><br>
<p>The 150 acre lake is surrounded by the 110 acre Kandawgyi Nature Park, and the 69.25-acre (28-hectare) Yangon Zoological Gardens, which consists of a zoo, an aquarium and an amusement park.</p><br>
<p>The lake itself is bounded by Natmauk Street to its north and east, Bahan Street to its west, and Kanyeiktha Street to its south. The lake used to be the site of the Rangoon Rowing Club turned Kandawgyi Palace Hotel, which was gutted by a fire in 2017. Along the eastern shorelines of the lake is the famous Karaweik, a concrete replica of a Burmese royal barge built in 1972. It houses a buffet restaurant today.</p><br>
<p>On 15 April 2010, three bombs exploded in a road near to the lake in the afternoon during the Burmese New Year festival; 10 people were killed and 178 injured.</p><br>
<p>The Peoples Republic of the Congo  was a self-declared Marxist–Leninist socialist state that was established in 1969 in the Republic of the Congo. Led by the Congolese Party of Labour , it existed until 1991 when, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the countrys earlier name was restored and André Milongo was named transitional prime minister.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>The Peoples Republic of the Congo had 2,153,685 inhabitants in 1988. There were 15 different ethnic groups, although most people were Kongo, Sangha, MBochi, or Teke. 8,500 Europeans were present as well, mostly of French extraction. French was the official language, but other recognized languages included Kikongo and Lingala. Most of the population was centered in urban areas such as Brazzaville. Literacy was 80%, but infant mortality was also high.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Background</h3><br>
<p>Alphonse Massamba-Débat, who became the president of the Republic of the Congo in 1963, was the first African head of state who proclaimed himself openly a Marxist. He established a single party system in 1964 around his own political group, the National Revolution Movement (Mouvement National de la Révolution). Massamba-Débat was elected Secretary General of the National Revolution Movement while Ambroise Édouard Noumazalaye became its First Secretary. The Congolese single party was backed by a well-armed popular militia, the Défense Civile, headed by Ange Diawara. However, by 1968 mounting protests led Massamba-Débat to throw in prison one of its leaders, Captain Marien Ngouabi.</p><br>
<h3>Proclamation</h3><br>
<p>Seeing that the militant leftist opposition was not giving up, Massamba-Débat ended up yielding and proclaimed an amnesty, freeing Marien Ngouabi, among other political prisoners in mid 1968. Following the amnesty Massamba-Débat relinquished his power in September giving way to a period of instability. Finally on 31 December 1968 Marien Ngouabi became the head of state. The new leader officially proclaimed a Socialist-oriented state in the form of a "Popular Republic" on 31 January 1969. The administration became strongly centralized in Brazzaville and the main government posts were taken over by Congolese Workers&#39; Party —Parti congolais du travail (PCT)— cadres after abolishing the national assembly of the previous republic. The Marxist-Leninist PCT held a constitutive congress in the capital from 29 to 31 December 1969, becoming the sole party of the new state. Marien Ngouabi further introduced a number of communist policies —such as nationalizing the means of production— in the succeeding years. Ngouabi was assassinated in 1977 and was succeeded by colonel Joachim Yhombi-Opango, who ruled until February 1979, when Denis Sassou-Nguesso rose to power.</p><br>
<p>In the same manner as other African communist states of the Cold War era, the Peoples Republic of the Congo shared close ties with the Soviet Union. This association remained strong after Ngouabis assassination in 1977. However, the PCT government also maintained a close relationship with France throughout its existence.</p><br>
<h3>Transition</h3><br>
<p>In mid-1991, the Sovereign National Conference removed the word populaire ("Peoples") from the countrys official name, while also replacing the flag and anthem that had been used under the PCT government. The Sovereign National Conference ended the PCT government, appointing a transitional Prime Minister, André Milongo, who was invested with executive powers. President Denis Sassou Nguesso was allowed to remain in office in a ceremonial capacity during the transitional period.</p><br>
<h2>Events and emblems</h2><br>
<p>Cushetunk Mountain  is a ring shaped mountain in the USA state of New Jersey, located in Readington and Clinton Township in Hunterdon County. The Lenape Native Americans called the mountain "Cushetunk" meaning "place of hogs" after the wild hogs found there. In the 1960s, the valley at the heart of the mountain was dammed and filled with water to create Round Valley Reservoir. Today, the mountain and its accompanying lake act as a vital water supply to Central New Jersey, while at the same time providing numerous recreational opportunities to the region.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Cushetunk Mountain, located in Clinton Township, Readington Township, Franklin Township, New Jersey, and Raritan Township, New Jersey is a horseshoe shaped mountain with the tips of its two prongs ending in the west at the edge of the New Jersey Highlands. The mountain’s U-shaped arc is approximately 2 mi in diameter, with the more massive portion of the mountain occupying the southwest corner of the ridgeline. A deep man-made lake, Round Valley Reservoir, occupies the valley at the center of the horseshoe.</p><br>
<p>Cushetunk Mountain is occasionally referred to as a mountain range and includes Round Mountain, a 610 ft peak located about 1.5 mi south of Cushetunk Mountain in Readington. Round Mountain is linked to Cushetunk Mountain by a sheet of intruded diabase rock running beneath the surface.</p><br>
<p>Located on the mountains are the communities of Cushetunk, Lebanon and Lebanon Borough. In Clinton township the mountains Stretch from the south west part of the township to north central part. Lebanon covers the whole mountain (with the exception of Lebanon Borough an Cushetunk).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before the arrival of Europeans, Cushetunk Mountain was inhabited by Unami speaking Lenape, particularly the Musconetcongs who ranged between Cushetunk Mountain and Sourland Mountain to the south. An interesting claim put forward by Beauchamp Plantagenet, one of the first Europeans to explore the area around the mountain, states that a Native American king held his seat in a place resembling the valley formed by Cushetunk Mountain. The claim exists today as a legend, and no evidence has ever been found confirming Plantagenet’s story of a ‘Raritan king’.</p><br>
<p>Two famous names from New Jersey’s colonial history owned land on the north slope of Cushetunk Mountain in Potterstown (part of Readington and Clinton Township). One was John Stevens, a delegate to the Continental Congress, whose grandson founded Stevens Institute of Technology. The other was Lord Stirling, an American Revolutionary War General who was ranked 3rd or 4th behind George Washington.</p><br>
<p>Historically, wildlife at the mountain included apex predators that are no longer found in the region. A story from the colonial era involving Dr. John Rockhill, a member of the Society of Friends and supposedly Hunterdon’s County’s first physician, indicates that Cushetunk Mountain and neighboring Round Mountain were known to harbor wolves.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the 1960s, when the valley surrounded by Cushetunk Mountain was dammed to form Round Valley Reservoir, the mountain was useful as a timber source. Farming use was limited due to the hard diabase rock in the mountain’s soil.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>.Like the nearby Palisades and Sourland Mountain, Cushetunk Mountain formed approximately 200 million years ago around the Triassic/Jurassic boundary as an intrusion of igneous rock, diabase, into local shale and sandstone. The intrusion occurred when the Newark Basin, an aborted rift zone that formed as Pangaea began to break up, was still volcanically active. Originally, it was thought that Cushetunk Mountain was formed well after the nearby Watchung Mountains, also of volcanic origin. The theory was that the deposition of sediment into the Newark Basin was still occurring after the Watchungs were extruded, which explained how Cushetunk Mountain was able to intrude into strata above the height of the Watchungs. However, it is now known that Cushetunk Mountain, as well as other intrusive bodies in the Newark Basin, are at least 10 million years older than the Watchungs, which implies that erosion and/or uplift</p><br>
<p>Contrary to popular belief, the ring-like shape of the mountain does not represent a crater, particularly since the mountain was formed primarily within the Earth. Instead, the mountain’s shape seems to be the result of an intruding sheet of magma becoming dramatically flexed as it penetrated local strata. Round Mountain, just to the south of Cushetunk Mountain, formed as the intruding sheet that created Cushetunk Mountain reached a syncline.</p><br>
<p>A unique feature of Cushetunk Mountain’s geology is that the igneous intrusion forming the mountain partly overlaps Paleozoic limestone west of the Ramapo fault. Occurring just south of Molasses Hill Rd in Clinton Township, the overlap is significant for two reasons. First, the overlap marks one of the only locations in the Newark Basin where an intrusion successfully crossed the Ramapo fault and effectively spilled over the western edge of the basin. Second, the trap rock comprising the intrusion at this location is fine grained and unlike the dense, coarse diabase common to Cushetunk Mountain. It is thought that this is because the intrusion erupted to the surface as it overran the Paleozoic limestone.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>While most of the mountain ridges in New Jersey run generally north to south, Cushetunk Mountain primarily has an east-west ridge orientation because of the elongated north and south prongs of its horseshoe-like ridge. This produces significantly different microclimates between the north facing and south facing slopes of the mountain. On south facing slopes, the air temperature near the ground is consistently higher than on the north facing slopes, which do not receive as much sunlight. In terms of ecology this creates a noticeable impact on Cushetunk Mountain’s vegetation.</p><br>
<p>Because the north slope of the mountain is cooler and shaded, moisture is more easily retained. This results in larger trees, as well as the growth of trees not seen on southern facing slopes. These trees include black birch, tulip tree, white ash, basswood, hickory, beech, and sugar maple. Shrubs are abundant in the understory of the northern slopes, as well as herbs typical of more northern forests, including wild ginger, wild sarsaparilla, black snakeroot, and columbine.</p><br>
<p>On the warmer, dryer southern slopes chestnut oak and red oak prevail, although the trees are also common to the northern slopes. In the understory, dogwood is dominant, and the diversity and number of shrubs is reduced. Grasses and sedges are the most prevalent ground cover.</p><br>
<p>Wildlife supported by Cushetunk Mountain includes a variety of woodland birds, including a nesting pair of bald eagles. Groundwater seeps, particularly on the northern slopes, provide habitat to amphibians, while outcrops of trap rock offer ideal environments for small reptiles.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Round Valley Recreation Area</p><br>
<p>Cushetunk Mountain Preserve</p><br>
<p>Deer Path Park, located on and adjacent to Round Mountain and including the.</p><br>
<p>The Chautauqua Auditorium, located at the Colorado Chautauqua in Boulder, Colorado, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 21, 1978. The wooden building was constructed for the first season of the Colorado Chautauqua in 1898, and through the years has been a venue for many lectures, musical performances, and motion pictures both primitive and modern.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction and renovation</h3><br>
<p>On May 12, 1898, construction of the Chautauqua Auditorium commenced; it was completed in time for the opening of the first Texas-Colorado Chautauqua season on July 4, 1898. The wooden building had dirt floors, covered with sawdust, and simple pine benches.</p><br>
<p>The center section of the dirt and sawdust floor was replaced with a concrete floor in 1918, and at the same time some of the original pine benches were replaced with 586 "opera chairs".</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s, about the time the building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, it was in a dilapidated condition. A combination of two factors—the NRHP designation and the decision of the Colorado Music Festival to call the Chautauqua Auditorium its home—provided the impetus for a general renovation of the structure. Broken seats were replaced, the roof was repaired, and loose boards were reattached or replaced. The overall design of the building, however, remained unchanged. The acoustics of this wooden building remain as they have been.</p><br>
<p>As of 2006, it is still possible to see daylight through the cracks in the walls of the Auditorium. However, it is no longer possible to see the moon and stars through cracks in the roof.</p><br>
<h3>Notable early speeches and lectures</h3><br>
<p>Henry Watterson of Kentucky spoke on opening day, July 4, 1898.</p><br>
<p>William Jennings Bryan first appeared at the Auditorium on July 12, 1899. He would return, with evangelist Samuel Porter Jones, for Jones/Bryan Day in 1905.</p><br>
<p>Republican and Democratic orators were invited to give campaign speeches for their respective presidential candidates, William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan, in 1900. Jonathan P. Dolliver spoke on August 20, 1900 and Champ Clark the following week.</p><br>
<p>Senators Robert LaFollette and Benjamin Tillman appeared in 1907.</p><br>
<p>The famed evangelist Billy Sunday spoke to large crowds at the Auditorium in 1909, 1924, 1925, and 1931.</p><br>
<h3>Notable early musical performances</h3><br>
<p>The Kansas City Orchestra gave a number of evening concerts in the first year, 1898.</p><br>
<p>Louis Richar&#39;s Band, from Chicago, played a number of concerts each year from 1903 to 1906.</p><br>
<p>John Philip Sousa and his band appeared in the fall of 1904, after the Chautauqua season was over for that year.</p><br>
<p>The 1910 program featured "costumed recitals from grand opera" presented by the Chicago Operatic Company on July 4.</p><br>
<p>The Williams Jubilee Singers, called "the best troupe of colored singers in the world", gave very well received performances at the Auditorium every year from 1911 to 1917, then returned in 1922, 1924, 1926, and 1931.</p><br>
<p>Madame Marie Rappold of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City drew the largest crowd of the 1917 season.</p><br>
<p>Miss Frances Ingram, operatic contralto, was very well received in 1917 and 1920.</p><br>
<p>Ernest Davis, tenor of the Boston Grand Opera Company, performed in 1920.</p><br>
<p>Alberto Salvi, described as "the world&#39;s greatest harpist", performed every year from 1926 through 1932 except 1929.</p><br>
<h3>Motion pictures</h3><br>
<p>Although the Auditorium was mostly intended for lectures, sermons, dramatic readings, live musical performances, and variety acts similar to vaudeville, it was also a venue for motion pictures right from the beginning. In 1898, the film industry was in its experimental infancy. The evening Chautauqua program for July 21, 1898, was "Edison&#39;s Genuine Projectoscope, Colorscopic Diorama and Wargraph, with Music, reproducing scenes of the war with Spain." The exhibitor traveled with his own projection equipment, a practice that would persist at the Chautauqua Auditorium until 1918.</p><br>
<p>From the beginning, two or three motion pictures were presented at the Chautauqua Auditorium each year. The 1913 Chautauqua season was notable for the first use in Boulder of the Edison Kinetophone, an early attempt at a motion picture with synchronized sound.</p><br>
<p>In 1918, the Chautauqua Auditorium acquired its own motion picture projection equipment for silent film. The film industry had matured to the point that the investment in standardized projection equipment was deemed justified. The year 1918 also saw an abrupt increase in the number of movies shown at the Auditorium. Since the Chautauqua lacked the financial resources to compete for first run films with the commercial movie theaters, second-run movies suitable for family viewing were selected.</p><br>
<p>Talkies began in 1926, and all-talking pictures in 1929. In this regard the Colorado Chautauqua was a year or two behind the times because of its practice of scheduling second-run movies. The Auditorium upgraded its projection equipment to accommodate the new standard of motion pictures with sound. The number of movies shown at the Chautauqua Auditorium each summer was increasing.</p><br>
<p>Projection equipment at the Chautauqua Auditorium was once again updated in 1937, as Technicolor movies began to be shown. In 1948 a new movie screen was installed, twice the size of the previous screen. The new screen measured 16.5 feet by 22 feet.</p><br>
<p>By the early 1970s, projection and sound equipment at the Chautauqua Auditorium was seriously out of date. The equipment was upgraded in 1979, providing an improved viewing experience, but with the advent of home VCRs the second-run family films were discontinued in 1995.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, the only remaining motion pictures at the Colorado Chautauqua are the silent film series that started in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Acoustical characteristics</h2><br>
<p>As early as the Chautauqua Auditorium&#39;s first season in 1898, the acoustics of the all-wood building were being compared favorably to other venues such as the Mormon Tabernacle in Salt Lake City. Over the years, a variety of performers found the acoustics to their liking. In 1977, Giora Bernstein selected the Chautauqua Auditorium as his preferred venue for the Colorado Music Festival, even though it was in a poor state of repair, because he was enthusiastic about the reverberation offered by the wood structure.</p><br>
<p>Michelle Shocked is quoted as having described the wooden interior of the building by saying, "Now I know what my pick feels like when it falls in my guitar."</p><br>
<p>Highland School, also or previously known as Highland-Lawn School, is an 1892 building at 9th Street and Arapahoe Avenue in Boulder, Colorado. It was the fourth school built in Boulder and was used as a school until 1971. The Highland School Building was converted to use as an office building and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The building is constructed of red brick and blond sandstone mined from local quarries.</p><br>
<p>Highland School was threatened with demolition in 1971. Civic leaders opposed to the demolition of the School and nearby Central School (Boulder, Colorado) formed Historic Boulder, Inc. to advocate for its preservation.</p><br>
<p>The school was designed by the Denver firm of Varian and Sterner in 1890. It was doubled in size in a 1923 extension which was designed to be entirely compatible to the original building.</p><br>
<p>Mount Papandayan is a complex stratovolcano, located in Garut Regency, to the southeast of the city of Bandung in West Java, Indonesia. It is about 15 km to the southwest of the town of Garut. At the summit, there are four large craters which contain active fumarole fields. An eruption in 1772 caused the northeast flank to collapse producing a catastrophic debris avalanche that destroyed 40 villages and killed nearly 3,000 people. The eruption truncated the volcano into a broad shape with two peaks and a flat area 1.1 km wide with Alun-Alun crater in the middle, making the mountain appear as a twin volcano; one of the peaks is called Papandayan and the other Mount Puntang.</p><br>
<p>Since 1772, only small phreatic eruptions were recorded before an explosive eruption that began in November 2002. More recently, the volcano has been quite active. On August 13, 2011 the volcano&#39;s early warning status was lifted from Level II, "Vigilant" (Waspada) to Level III, "Alert" (Siaga) following the swarm of long-period events, the increase of volcano tectonic earthquake rate, and an extremely high percentage (100%) of measured carbon dioxide gas in the ground at the summit crater. People, including tourists, were urged to remain at least 2 km from the yellow craters on the 2,665-meter (8,743-foot) Mount Papandayan. On Friday September 2, 2011, the Indonesian Volcanology and Geophysical Disaster Mitigation Center reported that numerous shallow volcanic earthquakes had been recorded along with other indications of volcanic activity. A spokesperson for the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency noted that if Mt Papandayan erupted, over 170,000 people living in five nearby subdistricts (kecamatan) and in twenty villages could be affected. Of the people likely to be affected, it was expected that perhaps as many as 11,500 people might need to be evacuated.</p><br>
<h2>Volcanism</h2><br>
<p>Mount Papandayan is a large composite volcano. It is constructed of alternating layers of lava and ash, and other fragmental volcanic rock debris formed by explosive eruptions over the past several hundred years. A large horseshoe-shape crater extended to the northeast resulting in an avalanche deposit consisted of intermixed volcanic debris and alternated rocks, Kawah Manuk and many other with solfataras emitting smoke and hot fumes from its inner sides.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The Mount Papandayan area is a popular tourist site. Tourists can walk across the crater and view phenomena such as bubbling mud pools, steam vents, and sulfur deposits. Papandayan Crater (Kawah Papandayan), a bubbling yellow crater, is a popular sight. There are various other volcanic craters in the area to the south of Bandung as well. Another volcanic crater with easy access in the same region is Kawah Putih; it is in the nearby Bandung District to the west of Mt Papandayan.</p><br>
<p>Above the crater is an elfin forest and several meadows with Javanese Edelweiss.</p><br>
<p>Shirakavan ; founded as Yerazgavors and later Yerazgavork, was a medieval Armenian city and one of the 13 historic capitals of Armenia, serving as a capital city between 890 and 929 during the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia.</p><br>
<p>The city was located on the right bank of Akhurian River to the northeast of Ani, corresponding with the current village of Çetindurak of Akyaka district of Kars Province, within the Republic of Turkey.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The earliest mentions of Shirakavan as a settlement appear as Yerazgavors in the 7th century, by the Armenian historian Sebeos. Yerazgavors was described by Sebeos as a village in the Shirak canton within the Ayrarat province of Armenia Major. It was later developed by king Smbat I of Armenia who moved the capital of Bagradit Armenia from Bagaran to Yerazgavors in 890, renaming it Shirakavan.</p><br>
<p>The church of Surp Prkich (Holy Saviour) built in the 880s by king Smbat I of Armenia, was among the notable landmarks of the city. Smbat was later crowned as king in the Surp Prkich Church by Catholicos George II of Armenia in 890. Shirakavan continued to serve as the capital of the kingdom until 929 when the city of Kars was chosen as capital by king Abas I of Armenia.</p><br>
<p>As described by the 11th and 12th century historians Stepanos Asoghik and Samuel Anetsi, Shirakavan had a central fortress surrounded with thick defensive city walls. Nonetheless, it was invaded by the Byzantines. Then in 1064, along with Ani, Shirakavan was destroyed by a large Seljuk Turkish army, headed by Sultan Alp Arslan.</p><br>
<p>By the end of the 12th century, Shirakavan was revived and rebuilt by the Zakarids. However, the city declined during the second half of the 13th century to become a regular village.</p><br>
<h2>The 20th century</h2><br>
<p>In 1914, prior to the Armenian Genocide, Shirakavan was a quite large Armenian settlement with a population of 1220. After the Turkish–Armenian War of 1920, Shirakavan was abandoned and the Armenian population of the village moved to Eastern Armenia and settled in the newly-formed village of Yerazgavors. Later in 1921, the territory of Kars including Shirakavan, was officially handed over to the Turks by the Treaty of Kars.</p><br>
<p>The church of Surp Prkich was partly ruined by the beginning of the 20th century. After it was blown up by the Turks in 1954 during regular military training of the Turkish Army, only the western wall of the church survived. Other parts of ancient Shirakavan were flooded by the waters of a dam built on the Akhurian River.</p><br>
<p>Kamojang, popularly known as Kawah Kamojang or , is a geothermal field and tourist spot in West Java, Indonesia. The crater is located in sub-district  Ibun in the Bandung Regency, approximately 45 km to the southeast of Bandung through the towns of Majalaya and Ibun. The crater can also be reached from the opposite direction through the town of Garut, in Garut Regency .</p><br>
<p>The volcano that the crater is located on is Mount Guntur but the crater itself is listed as an active volcano of Indonesia because of its geothermal activities.</p><br>
<h2>Geothermal activities</h2><br>
<p>There is a long history of interest in the possibility of developing the geothermal potential of the Komojang region. The first geothermal wells in Indonesia were drilled at Kamojang in 1926 by the Dutch colonial government. The current geothermal field is on the slopes of Mt Guntur, about 7 km to the west of the peak of the mountain. There are four operating geothermal generating units with a capacity of 200 MW. The fourth unit began operation in January 2013. A fifth unit with a planned capacity of 35 MW was contracted in October 2013 with estimated construction completion by July 2015.</p><br>
<p>Komojang is the site of the first modern geothermal site in Indonesia, commissioned by former president Soeharto in January 1983. The four current units, with a capacity of 200 MW, are owned and operated by PT Indonesia Power, a subsidiary of the Indonesian state-owned electricity generating corporation, Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN). The concession to the field is held by PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy, a subsidiary of another of Indonesia&#39;s major state-owned companies, PT Pertamina.</p><br>
<p>The Strand Theatre in Shreveport, Louisiana, United States, opened in 1925 as a Vaudeville venue and was nicknamed "The greatest theatre of the South" and the "Million Dollar Theatre" by its builders, Julian and Abraham Saenger of Shreveport, owners of the Saenger Amusements Company, which operated theaters throughout the American South and in Central America. By the 1940s it had evolved into a movie cinema, which it remained until its closure in 1977. Threatened with demolition, it was saved by a coalition of concerned citizens who restored it to its original grandeur over a nearly seven-year period. It is the "Official State Theatre of Louisiana". Since its re-opening in 1984 following restoration it has served as a performing arts venue, featuring the Shreveport Broadway Series and other traveling Off-Broadway shows.</p><br>
<p>Emile Weil and Charles G. Davis of New Orleans were the architects of the theater with interior design work by Paul Heerwagen of Arkansas. Construction foreman was Ernest Raleigh Darrow of Shreveport. The Strand was a flagship theatre for Saenger Amusements Company and its successor, Saenger-Ehrlich Enterprised, a forerunner of Paramount Pictures.</p><br>
<p>During the 1960s, when the Strand was in use as a cinema, the facility was desegregated through the efforts of the Reverend Herman Farr, who in 1978 became one of the first three African Americans to have served on the Shreveport City Council.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, the theatre was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Strand Theater from Crockett Street IMG 1588.JPG</p><br>
<p>Shreveport September 2015 081 (Strand Theatre).jpgThe Strand under renovation in 2015</p><br>
<p>The Catedral de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe  or simply, Ponce Cathedral, is the cathedral for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ponce located in downtown Ponce, Puerto Rico. The cathedral lies in the middle of Ponce&#39;s town square, known as Plaza Las Delicias, located at the center of the Ponce Historic Zone. For its historic significance, the cathedral was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The cathedral has a history that dates to 1670. It has been damaged several times by fires and earthquakes. It stands out among Puerto Rico&#39;s other four cathedrals for its intricate design. It has a large pipe organ that was played by danza master and composer Juan Morel Campos. Architecturally, it is designed in the neoclassical style. Structurally, it follows a cruciform plan, with a large dome at the crossing. The interior consists of a main nave and two large ailes separated by a series of eight arcades. There are two small chapels in its interior. Two three-story square towers decorate the front facade.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cathedral has over 300 years of history. In 1670, a small chapel was built in the center of the colonial settlement of Ponce on the site of the present cathedral. On September 17, 1692, the King of Spain, Carlos II, issued a Cédula Real (Royal Permit) designating the chapel as a parish church. In 1835, the original parish church was demolished to build a larger church, which was completed and opened for worship in 1839. Amongst its new features were two octagonal towers on the corners of the front facade. The original (pre-1918) towers were also three stories high and had windows on each of the sides. They were each topped with a Christian cross. The cathedral contains a number of burials within its interior.</p><br>
<p>The building was damaged by several fires and earthquakes during the 19th and 20th centuries including the 1918 San Fermín earthquake, which caused extensive damage, including the destruction of both of the original towers. Despite this, the 1839 building forms the core of the present building, which Pope Pius XI declared a cathedral in 1924. The cathedral&#39;s first bishop was Edwin Byrne, who took charge in 1925.</p><br>
<p>From 1931 to 1937, the church was reconstructed to a design by architect Francisco Porrata Doria. The current facade bears a French neoclassical style. Among these improvements were the addition of two new chapels, a new roof, the remodelling of the upper storey of the facade and the construction of two new, richly decorated square towers. A pipe organ was installed in 1934 and re-inaugurated in 1989 after a nine-year restoration.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The cathedral sits in the center of Ponces central square, Plaza Las Delicias, oriented east-to-west, with its front entrance facing west. Immediately behind the cathedral, to the east, is the historic fire house, Parque de Bombas. The two buildings effectively divide Plaza Las Delicias into two smaller plazas, named Plaza Muñoz Rivera and Plaza Degetau. Low undulating walls line the cathedrals northern and southern sides, and serve to separate it from the Plazas. Plaza Las Delicias is in barrio Segundo, one of the six core barrios of Ponce that compose Historic Zone designated by the Government of Puerto Rico to preserve the colonial character of the city.</p><br>
<h2>The building</h2><br>
<p>The building&#39;s exterior architecture is Neoclassical, while its interior is mostly colonial and Gothic.</p><br>
<p>The current structure is larger than the 1839 structure, having been extended on the south side in 1911 with the addition of the side chapel. It covers an area of 3,540 yd2.</p><br>
<h3>Interior plan</h3><br>
<p>The footprint of the cathedral is of a cruciform plan. It features a large dome at the crossing of the transept and the nave. The interior consists of eight bays plus the apse. The westernmost bay accommodates the vestibule. Above this vestibule is a second level choir loft, accessible via a wooden stairway connected to the front wall. A large pipe organ, said to have been played by Juan Morel Campos every Sunday for many years, is also on this second level loft.</p><br>
<p>Arcades of semi-circular arches divide the nave from the aisles. On the south side of the cathedral, a large chapel, built in 1911, extends three bays parallel to the aisle. This chapel provides a more intimate place of worship than the main church or its aisles. The nave has a cross vaulted ceiling with clerestory windows above the arcades. The cathedrals main neoclassical altar of translucent alabaster is a modern replacement for the original wooden gothic altar, now located in the southern side chapel. The main altar, built in Burgos, Spain, was donated by the local Ferre family. Except for the side chapel where terrazzo is used, the cathedrals floor is of gray and white marble design.</p><br>
<h3>The front facade</h3><br>
<p>The western front facade is flanked by two square towers. They are both three stories high topped with silver domes and a Christian cross on top of these. Both towers have windows at each level. Access to the towers is through either of two small wooden doors located in the interior northwest and southwest corners of the church vestibule.</p><br>
<p>Entry to the cathedral is through a tall pair of wooden doors in a style reminiscent of church doors of Middle Ages Europe. There are two round columns to each side of these doors, as well as rectangular wooden windows to both sides. Atop the second level of the front facade there is a large triangular pediment, and on top of this pediment sits a Christian cross considerably larger than the two atop the tower domes. There are also two statues standing at each of the two lower ends of the large triangular pediment. Except for the wooden windows and doors, all elements on the front facade are of masonry construction.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>On December 12, the Cathedral hosts the annual event known as "Las Mañanitas", named after the Mexican birthday song (English: "Early Mornings"), which is sung during a pre-dawn religious procession in the downtown area to celebrate the day of the Virgin of Guadalupe, the patron saint of Ponce. The event started in 1965. After the procession candle bearers attend Holy Mass at the Cathedral at 5:00 am. Up to 10,000 people attend the event. On December 24, there is also a midnight Mass known as Misa de Gallo (English: Rooster&#39;s Mass).</p><br>
<h2>Hours</h2><br>
<p>Except for the Las Mañanitas event, the cathedral is open Monday through Friday from 6:00 am to 12:30 pm, and Saturday and Sunday from 6:00 am to 12:00 pm and from 3:00 pm to 8:00 pm.</p><br>
<p>The Solander Islands/Hautere are a small chain of uninhabited volcanic islets lying at 46&deg;34&prime;S latitude, 166&deg;53&prime;E longitude, close to the western end of the Foveaux Strait in southern New Zealand. They lie some 38 km south of Prices Point on the southern coast of South Island, New Zealand, close where Lake Hakapoua drains through Big River to the Pacific Ocean due west of Te Waewae Bay, and 64 km WNW of the Putatara  Point in the northwest of Stewart Island/Rakiura, or 56 km from Codfish Island west of Stewart Island/Rakiura. They measure about 0.7 km&sup2; in area. Administratively, they are part of Southland District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island chain was sighted by Captain James Cook on 11 March 1770 and named by him for the Swedish naturalist Dr Daniel Solander, one of the scientific crew aboard Cooks expeditions ship Endeavour. The Maori name Hautere translates into English as "flying wind", an apt description of the islands&#39; weather.</p><br>
<p>The islands have only ever been briefly inhabited, and then only due to shipwreck or other marooning. Five Europeans were marooned there between 1808 and 1813, the longest continual period of habitation for the island group.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The islands are remnants of an isolated extinct Pleistocene volcano with andesite rocks one to two million years old. They lie on a bank with depths less than 100 m, but are separated from the continental shelf around Foveaux Strait by a 4 km narrow trough with depths in excess of 200 m (at least 237 m). Therefore, the islands are included in the New Zealand Outlying Islands, despite their proximity to the mainland. The Solander Islands are the only New Zealand volcanic land features related to the subduction of the Australian Plate beneath the Pacific Plate.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>There are 53 vascular plant species, one third of which are very rare. The flora is dominated by ferns and orchids. The southern, and nominate, subspecies of Buller&#39;s albatross (Thalassarche b. bulleri) breeds only on the Solanders and the Snares.</p><br>
<p>Solander Islands were historically well-known area for migrating whales especially southern right and sperm whales, and sperm whales in this area was said to be exceptionally large in size and quantities of blubbers.</p><br>
<h3>Important Bird Area</h3><br>
<p>The Solander group has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because of its significance as a breeding site for Buller&#39;s albatrosses (with about 5000 pairs) and common diving petrels.</p><br>
<h2>The islands</h2><br>
<p>Solander Island/Hautere, the main island, covers some 65 hectare in area, rising steeply to a peak 330 m above sea level. It is wooded with the exception of its northeast end, which appears as bare, white rock. There is a deep cave on the east side, Sealers Cave.</p><br>
<p>Little Solander Island is 1.9 km west of the main island. It is 148 m high, with an area of 4 hectare. It has a barren appearance and is guano-covered.</p><br>
<p>Pierced Rock is 250 m south of the main island. It rises to 54 m and measures just 2,000 m&sup2; in area.</p><br>
<p>The Historic District of the Georgia Institute of Technology, also known as the Old Campus of Georgia Tech or the Hill District, is significant in the areas of architecture, education, engineering and science, as well as landscape architecture. The area is a Registered Historic Place and part of the central campus of Georgia Tech. Located in Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States, it is roughly bounded by North Avenue on the South, Bobby Dodd Stadium, a 55,000 seat football stadium on the East, Bobby Dodd Way on the North and Cherry Street on the West.</p><br>
<h2>Environs</h2><br>
<p>The Georgia Institute of Technology Historic District is situated on and around the crest of "The Hill," the highest elevation of the schools original nine-acre campus. Comprising 12 buildings, the Old Campus is a landscaped cluster of mixed-period classroom, dormitory and administrative brick buildings. Buildings of the Old Campus include the Carnegie Building, which was the campus library until 1953; the Georgia Tech Presidents Office is now located there. Lyman Hall Laboratory, named after Lyman Hall, one of Georgia Techs earlier presidents, was the schools first Chemistry Building. The YMCA Building, funded by John D. Rockefeller in 1910, now houses the Georgia Tech Alumni Association Offices. The random placement of these buildings around the centrally positioned Administration Building ("Tech Tower") has created unique urban spaces. Hundred year-old trees shade the red brick buildings and enhance the sense of special enclosure.</p><br>
<p>A brick roadway, Uncle Heinie Way, wraps itself around the Administration Building forming a "loop" and provides both service and vehicular access to the buildings in this portion of the Campus. A new plaza, Harrison Square, (1968), which both a hard surface of brick and concrete as well as an open green space, was created after the demolition of the Old Shop, the successor of the original (a near-twin to the adjacent Administration building which burned down shortly after its completion).</p><br>
<h2>Style, Form, Planning</h2><br>
<p>The Old Campus of Georgia Tech is significant for more than just the design of the buildings of which it is comprised. As is evident in the placement of the buildings, little thought was actually given to the future expansion of the then young technological school. Instead, the site planning was carried out in such a manner as to meet the immediate and pressing needs of the school. This practical approach has created the significant quality of space. The harmony found within the Old Campus is attributed to the fact that almost all of the buildings were built within a short span of time—from 1885 to 1923. Though all exhibit a consistent approach in design and construction, none include a repetition of style or form.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>In 1978, the area was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Near the entrance to Tech Tower, an historical marker maintained by the commemorates this listing as well as the early history of the Georgia Tech campus.</p><br>
<h2>The twelve buildings</h2><br>
<p>Lettie Pate Whitehead Evans Administration Building (1888)</p><br>
<p>Clarence Knowles Dormitory (1897–1992)</p><br>
<p>Aaron S. French Building (1898)</p><br>
<p>Electrical (Engineering) Building (1901), renamed the Domenico Pietro Savant Building</p><br>
<p>Janie Austell Swann Dormitories (1901)</p><br>
<p>Lyman Hall Laboratory of Chemistry (1905)</p><br>
<p>Andrew Carnegie Library Building (1907)</p><br>
<p>Joseph Brown Whitehead Memorial Hospital (1911), renamed the Lloyd W. Chapin Building in 1987</p><br>
<p>John Davison Rockefeller YMCA Building (1912), renamed the Lawrence W. "Chip" Robert, Jr. Alumni/Faculty House in 1979</p><br>
<p>David Melville Smith Building (1923)</p><br>
<p>William Henry Emerson Building (1925)</p><br>
<p>John Saylor Coon Building (five units completed between 1911–1938)</p><br>
<p>The Old Shop could be considered a "thirteenth building." Erected in 1888, it was destroyed by a fire in 1892 and a replacement was built in the same year. The second shop building was demolished in 1968.</p><br>
<p>Ivö Lake  is the largest and deepest lake of Skåne, Sweden, located in the municipalities of Kristianstad and Bromölla in the northeastern part of Skåne County. It covers an area of just under 55 km&sup2, with a maximum depth of 50 meters. The lake is the richest in fish species in Sweden, including pike, salmon, burbot, vendace, bream, ide, ruffe, minnow, rudd, and spined loach, rare for this area, which has prompted biodiversity conservation efforts and attention from among others EU Natura 2000. 25-30 different species are regularly caught in the lake. It is very well known among fishing enthusiasts, not only in Sweden but in many countries in Europe.</p><br>
<p>A lake with numerous islands and sheltered bays, it has become a popular tourist destination for sightseeing as well as fishing. It is surrounded by hills with deciduous forests and valleys with fertile soil, and is located in a climate zone suitable for fruit tree cultivation. The area is one of Scania&#39;s fruit districts.</p><br>
<h2>Ivö</h2><br>
<p>The largest island in the lake, Ivö, has a permanent, year-round population. A free, cable-driven car ferry operates a regular scheduled service to the island from the village Barum on the mainland. On the island are the ruins of Anders Sunesøn&#39;s castle Ivöhus. Sunesøn, a Danish archbishop of Lund, died in Ivöhus in 1228.</p><br>
<p>Ivö is a place of geological interest as it contains a relict landforms and fossils dating to the Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous epoch. These features are exposed at a location known as Ivö Klack which was first described geologically by Gerard De Geer in 1889. Ivö Klack started operating as a kaolinite quarry in 1886. The site is illustrative of the deep weathering process that led to the formation of the Sub-Mesozoic hilly relief that covers much of Sweden and Norway.</p><br>
<p>Nelson Island is an island in the Sunshine Coast region of the South Coast region of British Columbia. It is surrounded by Hotham Sound, Agamemnon Channel, and Malaspina Strait. The closest communities are Pender Harbour, British Columbia and Egmont, both on the Sechelt Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>The island is mostly forested, although there are some clear cut areas inland. Lakes and large mountainous hills define the geography. Hardy Island sits alongside Nelson Island with Blind Bay in between the two. Logging operations and granite quarries were early features of the island, and many buildings in BC were built out of Nelson Granite including the Parliament Buildings in Victoria.</p><br>
<p>There were once a few homesteads and small logging operations, most of which are now summer cabins. As a consequence, the permanent population is quite small. One of the most well known residents was Harry Roberts, who retired to the island in 1929. The house he built, Sunray, was a cottage with south-facing walls of glass the stretched out like the rays of a sun. It still stands in a cove at Cape Cockburn.</p><br>
<p>The island is named for the British naval hero, Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson.</p><br>
<p>Lake Blalock  is a reservoir in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, located on the Pacolet River about five miles north of Spartanburg. After its creation was authorized in 1976 by the Commissioners of Spartanburg Water System, Blalock Dam was constructed in 1983. The existing earthen dam is approximately 700 ft. long and 70 ft high. It was originally designed for a normal operating pool of 700 ft, and the lake had approximately 35 mi of shoreline. The existing spillway has a crest length of 270 ft.</p><br>
<p>To increase the safe yield of the reservoir, Spartanburg Water System raised the level of Lake Blalock by 10 ft, increasing the water surface elevation to 710 ft in 2004. This project was completed in 2006 and involved overlaying the existing earthen dam with a layer of roller compacted concrete, approximately 3 ft in thickness, and constructing a new RCC stilling basin. The existing spillway was also upgraded by furnishing and installing three hydraulically operated spillway crest gates, constructing a new cast-in-place concrete ogee crest, and constructing a bridge across the spillway. In addition, the project also cleared approximately 300 acres (42 miles of shoreline) around the perimeter of the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Buck Hill is a hill in east-central British Columbia, Canada, located 17 km north of Clearwater. It rises from the west slope of Trophy Mountain. Buck Hill is just outside the boundary of Wells Gray Provincial Park.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Buck Hill is a cinder cone in the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field. It last erupted about 10,000 years ago during the last glaciation of the Clearwater Valley. A slurry of lava debris and water flowed away from the cone and hardened in Second and Third Canyons further down Trophy Mountain. After the eruption stopped, a glacier smoothed the sides of Buck Hill. Several craters can be found on the west side.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Buck Hill is one of the most accessible volcanoes in the Wells Gray Park area because one can drive to its base. Access is via Trophy Mountain Road off Clearwater Valley Road (also called Wells Gray Park Road), then some old logging and mining roads to some pits where recent mining for decorative lava rock has occurred. It is not safe to climb Buck Hill as the pine bark beetle attack of 2005-2007 has left hundreds of dead trees that can fall even in a gentle wind.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Buck Hill was named in the 1960s by Clearwater sheep rancher and guide, Ida DeKelver, for the numerous deer in the region. Emil and Ida DeKelver arrived in the Clearwater Valley in 1959 and settled on an 80-acre farm beside Candle Creek. At first, the DeKelvers raised dairy cattle. In 1962, they purchased a Trophy Mountain grazing lease and 100 ewes and rams from the Ronacher brothers. They soon expanded the herd to 300 and were very successful with the lush Trophy meadows. Their trail to the alpine followed Third Canyon Creek and passed just south of Buck Hill. Each spring and fall, it took three days to move their herd between the farm and the meadows. In 1969, mounting government pressure against grazing lease-holders persuaded the DeKelvers to switch to guiding and trail-riding on Trophy Mountain. They built a new trail up Spahats Creek which was much shorter than the Third Canyon route, although strenuous compared to today’s stroll to the meadows. When logging started on Trophy Mountain in 1979 and roads were built almost to treeline, the DeKelvers’ business was ruined and they retired to their Candle Creek farm. Ida DeKelver became the unofficial historian of the Clearwater Valley and created the Yellowhead Museum (now closed).</p><br>
<p>Heraclea Minoa  was an ancient Greek city, situated on the southern coast of Sicily at the mouth of the river Halycus , 25 km west of Agrigentum . Its ruins are now found near a modern town of the same name in the comune Cattolica Eraclea in Italy. Archaeological finds suggest that it was founded in the middle of the 6th century BC, and was abandoned around the beginning of the 1st century AD.</p><br>
<p>It was at first an outpost of the Greek colony of Selinus (modern Selinunte), then overthrown by Carthage, later a border town of Agrigentum. It passed into Carthaginian hands by the treaty of 405 BC, was won back in 397 BC by Dionysius in his first Punic war, but recovered by Carthage in 383 BC. It was here that Dion landed in 357 BC, when he attacked Syracuse. The Agrigentines won it back in 309 BC, but it soon fell under the power of Agathocles. It was temporarily recovered for Greece by Pyrrhus in 277 BC.</p><br>
<h2>Two legends</h2><br>
<p>Its two names were connected with two separate mythological legends in regard to its origin. The first of these related that Heracles, having vanquished the local hero Eryx in a wrestling match, obtained thereby the right to the whole western portion of Sicily, which he expressly reserved for his descendants. He did not, however, found a town or settlement; but, somewhat later, Minos, king of Crete, having come to Sicily in pursuit of Daedalus, landed at the mouth of the river Halycus, and founded there a city, to which he gave the name of Minoa; or, according to another version of the story, the city was first established by his followers, after the death of Minos himself. Heraclides Ponticus adds, that there was previously a native city on the spot, the name of which was Macara. The two legends are so distinct that no intimation is given by Diodorus of their relating to the same spot, and we only learn their connection from the combination in later times of the two names.</p><br>
<h2>6th century BC</h2><br>
<p>There is no account of its founding, but archaeological finds suggest a date in the mid 6th century BC. The first written mention of the city represents it as a small town and a colony of the Greek settlement of Selinus, bearing the name of Minoa. It was in this state when (c. 510 BC) Dorieus the Spartan (brother of Cleomenes I) came to Sicily, with a large body of followers, with the intent of reclaiming the territory which had belonged to his ancestor Heracles. But having engaged in hostilities with the Carthaginians and Segestans, he was defeated and slain in a battle in which almost all his leading companions also perished. Euryleon, the only one of the chiefs who escaped, made himself master of Minoa, which now, in all probability, obtained for the first time the name of Heraclea. This is not, indeed, expressly stated by Herodotus, who gives the preceding narrative, but is evidently implied in his statement at the beginning of it, that Dorieus set out for the purpose of founding Heraclea, combined with the fact that Diodorus represents him as having been its actual founder. Hence there seems no reason to suppose (as has been suggested) that Heraclea and Minoa were originally distinct cities, and that the name of the one was subsequently transferred to the other. From the period of this new settlement it seems to have commonly borne the name of Heraclea, though coupled with that of Minoa for the sake of distinction.</p><br>
<h2>5th–4th century BC</h2><br>
<p>Diodorus tells us that the newly founded city of Heraclea rose rapidly to prosperity, but was destroyed by the Carthaginians, through jealousy of its increasing power. When this took place is uncertain. It was probably related by Diodorus in his 10th book, which is now lost. He makes no mention of any such event during the First Sicilian War (480 BC) when it might otherwise be supposed to have occurred. An inscription from the temple of Athena Lindia of Lindos on Rhodes attests the dedication of an ivory palladium as spoils from an undated victory of the Agrigentines over Minoa.</p><br>
<p>The absence of all notice of Heraclea during the subsequent century, and the wars of Dionysius I of Syracuse with the Carthaginians, suggests that either it did not then exist, or must have been in a very reduced condition. However the territory of Heraclea Minoa fell under Carthaginian control as a result of the treaty of 405 BC. The next mention of it (under the name of Minoa), when Dion landed there in 357 BC, represents it as a small town in the Agrigentine territory, but still subject to Carthage. Hence it is probable that the treaty between Dionysius and the Carthaginians which had fixed the Halycus as the boundary of the latter, had left Heraclea, though on its southeast bank, still in their hands: and, in accordance with this, we find it stipulated by the similar treaty concluded with them by Agathocles (314 BC), that Heraclea, Selinus, and Himera should continue subject to Carthage, as they had been before.</p><br>
<h2>3rd century BC</h2><br>
<p>From this time Heraclea reappears in history, and assumes the position of an important city; though we have no explanation of the circumstances that had raised it from its previous insignificance. Thus we find it, soon after, joining in the movement originated by Xenodicus of Agrigentum, 309 BC, and declaring itself free both from the Carthaginians and Agathocles; though it was soon recovered by Agathocles, on his return from Africa in 305 BC.</p><br>
<p>In 278 BC, during the expedition of Pyrrhus, it was once more in the hands of the Carthaginians, and was the first city taken from them by that monarch as he advanced westward from Agrigentum. In like manner, in the First Punic War, it was occupied by the Carthaginian general Hanno, when advancing to the relief of Agrigentum, at that time besieged by the Roman armies, 260 BC.</p><br>
<p>Again, in 256 BC, it was at Heraclea that the Carthaginian fleet of 350 ships was posted for the purpose of preventing the passage of the Roman fleet to Africa, and where it sustained a great defeat from the Roman consuls Regulus and Manlius. It appears, indeed, at this time to have been one of the principal naval stations of the Carthaginians in Sicily; and hence in 249 BC we again find their admiral, Carthalo, taking his post there to watch for the Roman fleet which was approaching to the relief of Lilybaeum.</p><br>
<p>At the close of the war Heraclea, of course, passed, with the rest of Sicily, under the Roman dominion; but in the Second Punic War it again fell into the hands of the Carthaginians, and was one of the last places that still held out against Marcellus, even after the fall of Syracuse.</p><br>
<h2>Roman period</h2><br>
<p>We hear but little of it under the Roman dominion; but it appears to have suffered severely in the First Servile War (134–132 BC), and in consequence received a body of fresh colonists, who were established there by the praetor Publius Rupilius; and at the same time the relations of the old and new citizens were regulated by a municipal law, which still subsisted in the time of Cicero. In the days of the great orator, Heraclea appears to have been still a flourishing place; but it must soon after have fallen into decay, in common with most of the towns on the southern coast of Sicily.</p><br>
<p>It is not mentioned by Pliny. However it is one of three south coastal Sicilian cities mentioned by the 1st century AD Roman geographer Mela and also by the 2nd century AD Greek geographer Ptolemy. The latter author is the last who mentions the name of Heraclea; it appears to have certainly disappeared before the age of the Roman Itineraries.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The location of Heraclea Minoa was first identified by the 16th century historian Tommaso Fazello. It was situated a few hundred yards to the southeast of the mouth of the river Platani (the ancient Halycus), atop the conspicuous promontory now called Capo Bianco, with gently sloping sides down to the Platani valley to the north, and sheer white cliffs to the ocean on the south side. This is evidently the one called by Strabo, in his description of the coasts of Sicily, the Heraclean promontory which he correctly gives as 20 miles distant from the port of Agrigentum.</p><br>
<p>In Fazello&#39;s time, the foundations of the walls could be distinctly traced, and, though no ruins remained standing, the whole site abounded with remains of pottery and brickwork. An aqueduct was then also still visible between the city and the mouth of the river; but its remains have since disappeared.</p><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, a mid-6th-early 5th century BC necropolis was discovered. A large-scale excavation by Professor Ernesto de Miro begun in 1950, uncovered late 4th–late 1st century BC dwellings and a late 4th century BC theater. The absence of Arretine ware at the site, strongly suggests that the city was abandoned by the beginning of the 1st century AD.</p><br>
<p>Dallas Mill was a manufacturer of cotton sheeting in Huntsville, Alabama, United States. The first of four major textile mills in Huntsville, the mill operated from 1891 until 1949, before it was converted for use as a warehouse in 1955 and burned in 1991. The village, constructed to house workers and their families, was incorporated into the city in 1955. The mill and its mill village are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1880s, business leaders in Huntsville sought to increase the industrial presence in what was otherwise a small town of around 5,000 residents. The North Alabama Improvement Company was formed March 17, 1886, and promoted investment in the city to Northeastern businesses. In 1890 Trevanion Barlow Dallas, a Nashville mill executive, agreed to construct a cotton mill in Huntsville. Early stockholders in the mill included Dallas, the North Alabama Improvement Company, Michael O&#39;Shaughnessy (another Nashville industrialist who moved to Huntsville and constructed a home named Kildare, also listed on the NRHP), and Northern industrialists including the Milliken family, owners of textile giant Deering Milliken. The mill was incorporated in 1891 and began operation on November 16, 1892.</p><br>
<p>When the mill opened, it contained 25,000 spindles, 704 looms, and employed 516 workers, making it one of the South&#39;s largest cotton mills. Just eight years later, the mill was doubled in size, to 50,000 spindles, 1,541 looms, 1,200 workers, and 300,000 square feet. The capital for the expansion came primarily from Milliken and Albert W. Green, who became the largest shareholders in the mill. The mill manufactured bleached and brown shirting and sheeting, and consumed approximately 20,000 bales of locally-grown cotton annually.</p><br>
<p>In the summer of 1900, a female worker was allegedly raped by a Black man named Elijah Clark. The entire workforce of the mill left work, went to the local jail and lynched in front of six thousand spectators. The mill later paid for the damage done to the Huntsville Jail by their workers.</p><br>
<p>The mill remained one of the largest employers in the area until the 1930s, when labor unrest began to disrupt all of Huntsville&#39;s cotton mills. From July 17 until September 22, 1934, a strike by the United Textile Workers of America brought violence to Huntsville. The mill was crippled by another strike in 1947; at the time of the strike, the mill employed 700 workers, but had dwindled to only 300 two years later. The mill operated on a partial basis until July 1949. Its assets were sold at auction, and the building was purchased by two Boaz businessmen for $175,000. They leased it to the Genesco Shoe Company, who used it as a distribution warehouse from 1955 until 1987. The mill was used as a warehouse for a real estate developer until the building was destroyed by a fire on July 24, 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The main mill building was designed by Providence, Rhode Island architectural firm Lockwood, Greene & Co. in the Italianate style. The building was originally around 300 by 110 feet (91 by 33 meters), but was expanded to 650 feet (200 meters) long in 1900. A low-pitched gable roof projected two feet from the sides. Windows were set about 18 inches (46 centimeters) from the outer wall. Two square brick towers with pyramidal roofs housed water tanks and projected above the roof. Two brick chimneys from the boiler room sat behind the main building.</p><br>
<p>Each of the five stories had a central drive shaft, off of which pulleys were attached to power the machinery. The floors were supported by turned wood columns. The wooden window sashes pivoted such that the top third pivoted inward and the bottom two-thirds pivoted about its center so they could be left open even during rain. The new and old halves of the building were separated by firewalls and a central staircase and elevator.</p><br>
<p>After the 1991 fire, all that remains of the mill complex is the riveted steel water tower.</p><br>
<h2>Mill village</h2><br>
<p>In 1892, the Huntsville Land Company was formed by some of the mill executives to construct homes to house the mill workers and their families. By 1916 the village consisted of 120 houses and 74 tenement buildings, before reaching a peak of 350 houses. Most of the homes in the village were sold to workers in the mid-1940s.</p><br>
<p>Rison School, named for mill general manager Archie L. Rison, was built in 1921. The school stood on the corner of Dallas Street and Oakwood Avenue, and grew through the years to serve grades 1–12. It became a part of the Huntsville City Schools system and operated as an elementary and middle school until 1967. Dallas Park (today known as Optimist Park) was built in 1928, and was the home to semi-professional baseball teams sponsored by the mill. The local Optimist Club purchased the park in 1949.</p><br>
<p>The mill village extends from Oakwood Avenue south to Pratt Avenue, and from Andrew Jackson Way west to Dallas Avenue. The village was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Olan   is a mountain in the Massif des Écrins in the French Alps. It dominates the valleys of Valgaudemar, Valjouffrey, and Vénéon in the heart of Écrins National Park.</p><br>
<p>The mountain has two or three summits: the Epaulé Sud (3,514 m), which can be considered a shoulder, the Sommet Centrale (3,558 m) and the Sommet Nord (3,564 m). Before the ascents it was unclear which of the main summits was the higher one.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>The first successful ascent of the mountain was made on July 8, 1875, by Gabriel ("Gaber") and Josef Spechtenhauser, from Schnals in Tyrol, guiding the British gentlemen Richard Pendlebury and Arthur Cust. Cust had to give up below the summit, but the Spechtenhausers brought Pendlebury to the central peak, since sometimes called Cime Pendlebury, where they had to turn around swiftly because of a lightning storm, which made the descent very adventurous. The following summer Christian and Ulrich Almer and W.A.B. Coolidge got stuck where Cust had turned around in 1875, but on 29 Jun 1877 the same party repeated the ascent of the central summit and proceeded in 55 minutes through the gap to the north summit (hence Cime Coolidge). Three more parties reached the south summit via the same route in 1877 and 1879, before Pierre Gaspard (father), Christophe Roderon and Arthur Cust reached the north summit via a new route, from the north over the Glacier des Sellettes, on August 8, 1880. Cust&#39;s measurements from the north summit showed it to be about 10 feet higher than the central peak.</p><br>
<p>The great classical routes of the Olan are difficult, and the poor quality of the rock makes the climbing quite dangerous. Routes on the north-west side, from the Font-Turbat refuge, include: north ridge (AD), Couzy-Desmaison (ED), Devies-Gervasutti (TD), and the Candau ridge (D).. On the south-west face is the Pilier Nounours (Teddy Bear pillar, TD), a modern route that was well equipped with bolts by J-M. Cambon.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Olan is made of a granite base, with a gneiss "hat" (see photos on ).</p><br>
<h2>Huts</h2><br>
<p>Refuge de Font-Turbat (north side)</p><br>
<p>Refuge de l&#39;Olan (south side)</p><br>
<p>Mount Talagabodas or Mount Telagabodas  in Sundanese) is a stratovolcano in West Java, Indonesia. The volcano is about 25 km to the east of the town of Garut and is built up of andesitic lavas and pyroclastics. Fumaroles, mud pots and hot springs are found around the crater lake. Changes of the lake color occurred in 1913 and 1921. The diameter of crater lake is less than 2 km and lies at an altitude of 1,720 m or 1,020 m above Garut plains.</p><br>
<p>Mt Talagabodas is just north of Galunggung volcano which attracted global attention following an eruption in 1982 that, amongst other things, caused widely reported disruption to international air travel and an emergency for British Airways Flight 9 travelling from Kuala Lumpur to Perth in June 1982.</p><br>
<p>Mount Ciremai/Cereme  is a dominating symmetrical stratovolcano in West Java, Indonesia. It is located to the southwest of the major town of Cirebon. Mt Ciremai is strikingly visible towards the south from the main west-east corridor  rail link along the north coast of Java. It is the highest point of West Java.</p><br>
<p>At the summit of Mt Ciremai there is a 4.5 &times; 5 km wide caldera. Eruptions are relatively infrequent in historical time but explosive activity and lahars from the summit have been recorded. Mount Ceremai is especially significant because it is the highest mountain in the province of West Java. The name Cereme or Ciremai is derived from Sundanese word for Otaheite gooseberry.</p><br>
<p>There are numerous recreational and tourist sites on the slopes of Mt Ciremai. Various sites, including parks and cafes, attract crowds of visitors from Cirebon. The museum at Linggajati on the slopes of Mt Ceremai which records the important historical event of the Linggadjati Agreement during the struggle for Indonesian Independence in 1946 attracts many visitors during weekends. The Mt Ciremai National Park extends for a considerable distance around the slopes of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>On Mt Ciremai, as on many other mountains up and down Java, there has been serious deforestation in recent decades. It was reported in late 2012 that forest destruction on Mt Ciremai had reached 4,000 ha out of a total of 15,000 ha. Causes are said to include illegal logging, sand quarrying (often for construction purposes in nearby areas), and forest fires. Some of the consequences of deforestation of this kind, evident in the Cirebon area close to the sea near Mt Ciremai, include extensive siltation of the rivers which flow northwards into the Java sea and more frequent flooding in lowland areas.</p><br>
<p>Numbers of small streams has their source in the slopes of Mt Cereme. Most of them went northwest towards Majalengka to join the large Cimanuk River in the northwest that drain to Java sea near Indramayu. On the southeastern side, the Waduk Darma serves as the reservoir near the stream that drain eastward as Cisanggarung River that later curved and heading north to marked the boundary between West Java and Central Java.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing Mt Cereme</h2><br>
<p>Groups of hikers, including parties of students, regularly climb the peak. The climb, which often takes 12 hours or more for the round trip, involves camping on the mountain for a night for some groups. As is frequently the case in other parts of Indonesia, groups are expected to register with local officials before beginning the climb. Care is needed because inexperienced hikers sometimes run into considerable difficulties. Groups often begin the climb from Linggajati in the east, Palutungan from the south near the town of Cigugur, or Majalengka to the west.</p><br>
<p>A useful guide to climbing Mt Ciremai is on the for the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Around Mt Cereme</h2><br>
<p>The eastern slope of Mt Cereme has several interesting places, popular among tourists and visitors. Near the town of Cilimus (between Cirebon and Kuningan city), there is a natural volcanic hot springs of Sangkanhurip. It is a popular tourism spot for spa and relaxation among people of Cirebon and Kuningan. The clear spring water and ponds of Cigugur and Cibulan is a natural water swimmingpool which also the sanctuary of rare Kancra bodas fish, which are considered sacred fish among locals. Forest sanctuary can be found on the slopes around the summit, however the popular forest sanctuary is in Linggajati, on eastern slopes. On the Southeastern slopes near the city of Kuningan, there is Cipari megalithic site which is important archaeological site of Indonesian prehistoric period.</p><br>
<p>Mount Slamet or Gunung Slamet is an active stratovolcano in the Purbalingga Regency of Central Java, Indonesia. It has a cluster of around three dozen cinder cones on the lower southeast-northeast flanks and a single cinder cone on the western flank. The volcano is composed of two overlapping edifices. Four craters are found at the summit. Historical eruptions have been recorded since the eighteenth century.</p><br>
<p>Gunung Slamat was closed to climbers for much of 2010 and 2011 but was re-opened in late 2011. A large number of climbers were expected to visit to peak on New Year&#39;s Eve 2012 to celebrate the new year.</p><br>
<p>The volcano erupted in 2009 and again in September 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptions</h2><br>
<h3>September 2014</h3><br>
<p>Mount Slamet erupted again Wednesday (18th) after four days of remaining quiet. The volcano, dormant since 2009, began erupting again in late August prompting authorities to raise alert levels in the area. While the eruption was not considered to be a large one, a nearby forest was razed and authorities have blocked off a 2.5 mile radius in case of increased activity. Residents have otherwise remained calm in the region.</p><br>
<p>Ichilo River is a Bolivian river at the foot of the Eastern Andes-Cordillera in South America. It lends its name to the Ichilo Province, one of the 15 provinces of the Santa Cruz Department of Bolivia.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Ichilo River has its source in Manuel Maria Caballero Province in Santa Cruz Department at an elevation of 2,437 m at the foothills of the Racete range, where it is named Alto Ichilo (Upper Ichilo).</p><br>
<p>In its course, after joining San Matéo, it is called Ichilo, flowing in a northerly direction, where it forms the border between the Cochabamba Department and the Santa Cruz Department.</p><br>
<h2>Flow Conditions</h2><br>
<p>From its source to the mouth into the Amazon the river has a total length of 2,455 km. Ichilo itself has a length of 632 km and a catchment area of 15,660 km². It has its maximum depth is 18.6 m, right below Puerto Villarroel at km 100, its maximum width is 420 m at km 75. Ichilo is one of the Bolivian rivers with a high amount of water.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>The most important tributaries of the Ichilo are the Bolivian Río Grande, Chapare, Piraí, Sacta, Víbora, Chimoré, Choré, Ibaresito, Ibabo and Useuta rivers.</p><br>
<h2>Urban Areas</h2><br>
<p>Ichilo River passes the metropolitan area of Santa Cruz in the west, the largest cities on the riverbanks is Puerto Villaroel.</p><br>
<p>The Anderson Ferry is a ferry across the Ohio River between Cincinnati, Ohio and Constance, Kentucky. It has been in continuous operation since 1817. It was originally known as the Kottmyer ferry but was later sold to the Anderson family. The ferry was often used in the 19th century by Kentucky farmers bringing their product to market in Cincinnati. It is the lone survivor of dozens of ferries that once served the Cincinnati area. The ferry is located about 8 mi west of Downtown Cincinnati.</p><br>
<p>The ferry connects Anderson Ferry Road (a major arterial street on the Ohio side which traverses the City of Cincinnati; Delhi Township; and Green Township from south to north) with a short private road, which in turn connects with Kentucky Route 8 (the middle section) just east of its junction with Kentucky Route 20 near Constance, Kentucky. A short distance southwest from this junction is KY 20&#39;s junction with Kentucky Route 212, which provides the main access to the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport. It provides a shortcut for Cincinnati westsiders going to the airport located in Boone County, Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>Dublin Pond or Dublin Lake is a 236 acre water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Dublin. The pond lies at an elevation of 451 m above sea level, near the height of land between the Connecticut River/Long Island Sound watershed to the west and the Merrimack River/Gulf of Maine watershed to the east. Water from Dublin Pond flows west through a series of lakes into Minnewawa Brook, a tributary of the Ashuelot River, which flows to the Connecticut River at Hinsdale, New Hampshire. New Hampshire Route 101, a two-lane highway, runs along the northern shore of the lake, and the town center of Dublin is less than one mile to the east.</p><br>
<p>The state owns the 1.3 acre Dublin Lake Scenic Area on Route 101, which protects much of the north shore.</p><br>
<p>The lake is classified as a coldwater fishery, with observed species including smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, brook trout, and brown bullhead.</p><br>
<p>45 historic buildings and 10 small boathouses around the lake are designated as the Dublin Lake Historic District. The buildings were part of a popular summer home community in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many prominent artists stayed in the community, including Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Abbott Handerson Thayer, and Joseph Lindon Smith. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>North Bend Plantation is an estate located on the north bank of the James River in Charles City County, Virginia. It is located along State Route 5, a scenic byway which runs between the independent cities of Richmond and Williamsburg.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The North Bend Plantation site was first inhabited by the Weanoc Indians. The original portion of the present house was built in 1819 by John Minge. In 1853 the home was doubled in size by Thomas Hamlin Willcox. Architectural detailing from the expansion included Greek Revival detailing reminiscent of the designs of builder/architect Asher Benjamin. In 1864 North Bend served as the headquarters of Major General Philip Sheridan as 30,000 Union Army troops prepared to cross the James River on a pontoon bridge during the Overland Campaign. The home has been in the Copland family since 1916.</p><br>
<p>North Bend was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Visitors</h2><br>
<p>The grounds are open daily from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. daily and guided tours of the house are available daily by appointment.</p><br>
<p>Browning Pond is located in Oakham and Spencer, Massachusetts. This 89 acre great pond forms the headwaters of the Seven Mile River. It is part of the Chicopee River Watershed.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>The water is dark colored, but has a moderately high transparency of 10 ft. A public boat ramp is located on Boy Scout property, the Treasure Valley Boy Scout Camp, on Browning Pond Road. This is a gravel ramp, and the parking area is limited to about five cars. Shore access is limited to Browning Pond Road frontage. Aquatic vegetation and fallen trees provide cover and are scattered along the shoreline and in the northern cove. There is an old abandoned mine shaft that was used for mining copper. It can be found with the proper gear in the middle of the pond. There are also sunken rowboats and sailboats as well.</p><br>
<p>Browning Pond is fed from numerous small-unnamed brooks and extended wetlands that run from Paxton and Rutland on the north and Oakham on west. There is a ridge in the Rutland State Park that divides the waters. Waters to its north flow into Long Pond, becoming part of the Ware River watershed, and waters to its south flow into Browning Pond.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>A 1979 fish sampling effort indicated a fish population composed of Largemouth Bass, Chain Pickerel, Yellow and White Perch, Bluegills, Pumpkinseeds, Red Breasted Sunfish, Black Crappie, Brown Bullheads, Rainbow and Brook Trout, White Suckers, Golden Shiners, Chub Suckers and Darters.</p><br>
<p>Browning Pond is managed for both warm water and cold-water fish. It is stocked with Trout in both the spring and autumn. Because it is somewhat acidic, Brook Trout are usually stocked in early spring, while Rainbow and Brown Trout are generally stocked in mid to late spring and fall. A limited amount of cold-water habitat persists through the summer and Trout can be expected in the deeper areas during the summer months. An excellent Largemouth Bass population is present and many large Bass were taken during the 1979 survey.</p><br>
<p>The best fishing should be along the northern and eastern shores, as weed growth is most abundant in these areas. Pan fish are abundant and provide good fishing. Yellow Perch and Bullheads are of good size.</p><br>
<h2>Coordinates</h2><br>
<p>42&deg;18&prime;48&Prime;N latitude, 71&deg;59&prime;46&Prime;W longitude Pond center</p><br>
<p>42&deg;18&prime;30&Prime;N latitude, 71&deg;59&prime;46&Prime;W longitude Dam</p><br>
<p>Piney Grove at Southalls Plantation is a property listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Charles City County, Virginia. The scale and character of the collection of domestic architecture at this site recalls the vernacular architectural traditions of the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries along the James River. These frame structures of the common planters were in contrast to the elaborate brick residences of the wealthiest families along the James River. Piney Grove at Southalls Plantation is located on the high ridge of land to the north of the river, in an area of smaller plantations with more modest homes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before English settlement in the seventeenth century, the Southall plantation site in Charles City County was the homeland of the Chickahominy (tribe). The plantation site is located near the Mattahunk village site and the trail known as Necotowance&#39;s Path. During the late eighteenth century, the 300 acre plantation was one of the many seats of the Southall family. Other Southall family properties in Charles City County included Mt. Airy, Milton and Vaughn’s. In Henrico County were located the Southall homes of Chatsworth, Reveille, Westham and in Warwick County was located Young’s Island.</p><br>
<p>The original portion of the Piney Grove house was constructed as a log corn crib on the Southall plantation before 1790. It survives as a rare and well-preserved example of early log architecture in Tidewater Virginia. During the second quarter of the eighteenth century, Furneau Southall served as deputy-sheriff of Charles City County, under Otway Byrd, son of William Byrd III of Westover Plantation. During the American Revolution, Southall served on the Charles City County Committee of Safety (American Revolution) with John Tyler of Greenway, father of President John Tyler of Woodburn and Sherwood Forest Plantation. Southall also held a captainship of one of the Charles City County companies under Benjamin Harrison V of Berkeley Plantation.</p><br>
<p>Southall administered the first USA Census locally in 1790. During the late eighteenth century, residents of the plantation included Furneau Southall, his wife and seven children, as well as sixteen slaves: Amy, Bess, Bristol, Critty, Dick, Dublin, Jack, Kate, Lucky, Nutty, Patsey, Pompy, Peter, Rippons, Rose and Silvia. The personal property tax lists document the plantation furnishings, library, and livestock.</p><br>
<p>The plantation was held by the Southall family until 1857, when Furneau’s grandson, John Seth Stubblefield sold a portion of the plantation to Edmund Archer Saunders. This portion of the property included the log corn crib, which by 1857 had been converted and enlarged for use as a store. The 1851 addition to the original log structure may have been constructed with timbers re-used from the original plantation house: Original post and beam framing was reused in balloon frame construction. Under Saunder&#39;s ownership, the rural general merchandise business became known as Piney Grove Store.</p><br>
<p>Following the American Civil War, Saunders moved to Richmond and became a successful wholesale grocer. He became a major landowner in Charles City County, purchasing properties such as Indian Fields, Weyanoke and Upper Shirley. A gift of E. A. Saunders, a handsome stone baptismal font, remains in use at Westover Church. A portrait of Saunders hangs in the drawing room of Evelynton Plantation, the home built by his granddaughter Mary Ball Saunders Ruffin and her husband.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Fletcher Harwood operated Piney Grove Store from 1874 until 1915. In 1905 he enlarged and transformed the store building into a five-bedroom home. During Harwoods ownership, the property also included the office of his son, Dr. Ashton Harwood. The Harwood Family childrens cemetery, with elaborate cast-iron fencing produced by the Cincinnati Ironworks, is located on the grounds.</p><br>
<p>From 1916 until 1984, Piney Grove belonged to the Hughes family. After purchase in 1984, the Gordineer family began the five-year restoration of the house. Original outbuildings include a smokehouse, chicken house, a small pole shed and large pole shed for farm equipment. Hughes family photographs document a large barn, small barn and dairy no longer standing. The archaeological remains of Dr. Harwood&#39;s office survive just northwest of the large pole shed.</p><br>
<p>Piney Grove is now furnished with a collection of antiques and artifacts that chronicle the history of the property, as well as family antiques that descend in the Gordineer family through a Canadian branch of the family, the descendents of Judge Edward Bowen of Quebec, Canada. Bowen portraits include Edward Bowen, Isabella Cassan Bowen and Isabella Bowen Hyndman.</p><br>
<p>The grounds include a unique collection of folk architecture moved to Piney Grove at Southall&#39;s Plantation to be spared from demolition at their original sites. These buildings are Ashland (built 1835 in James City County, Virginia); Dower Quarter (built 1835, Henrico County, Virginia); Ladysmith (built 1857, Caroline County, Virginia); Duck Church (built 1917, Dare County, North Carolina); Pocahontas Tea House Outhouse (built ca. 1930, Henrico County) and Peace Hill Smokehouse (built ca. 1920, Charles City County, Virginia). The grounds also include a reproduction of the Lanexa Farmstand (built ca. 1940, James City County, Virginia).</p><br>
<p>The complex is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The grounds are open daily from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. daily, and guided tours of the house are available daily by appointment. Historic bed and breakfast lodging is available in the Ladysmith house on the property. The property is an official site of the Virginia Civil War Trails, Virginia Birding and Wildlife Trail, Virginia Time Travelers Program, Jamestown Discovery Trail and National Register "James River Plantations" Travel Itinerary.</p><br>
<p>The Cochise Hotel is a historic and until quite recently, functional hotel located in the town of Cochise in southeastern Arizona. The hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 22, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hotel was originally built in 1882 by the railroad telegrapher and father of the town of Cochise, John Rath. The hotel was in continuous operation until July 2007, and is now the private residence of Phillip Gessert, who has begun the restoration process. The hotel was built with the purpose of serving railroad crews traveling through the town. The railroad depot, now gone, was located directly across the street.</p><br>
<p>After its opening in 1882, Rath and the Cochise Hotel served many purposes for the local community. These purposes included serving as the Wells Fargo office, the telegraph office, the community laundry and the local post office beginning in 1896. In 1899, Big Nose Kate, the famed sidekick of Doc Holliday, was hired to work in the hotel after Holliday&#39;s death.</p><br>
<p>The Peoples Savings Bank, located at 101 3rd Avenue, SW, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, was designed by Louis Sullivan. It was the second of a number of small "jewel box" banks in midwest towns designed by Sullivan during 1907 to 1919. It was built in 1911, and it was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sullivan&#39;s initial design was completed in the summer of 1909 but was rejected by the bank as being too expensive. The following year his Cedar Rapids clients, spearheaded by the bank Vice-President Fred Shaver (whom local Cedar Rapids tradition has Sullivan designing a remodeling of his residence), continued their negotiations with him and an agreement was reached. Sullivan began this study of the bank and its functions beginning with the large banking room and working out from there while reducing the cost of the structure by cutting back on the terra cotta ornamentation. The building was finished in 1912.</p><br>
<p>The prominent architectural critic Montgomery Schuyler said of it at the time that, "The building is thus clearly designed from within outward. The exterior is the envelope of the interior reduced to its very simplest expression." (Wilson and Robinson)</p><br>
<p>The bricks for the exterior of the building were produced in 15 different shades, producing, as Sullivan remarked, "the effect of an antique Oriental rug." The interior of the building includes clerestory walls of glass with murals by Allen Philbrick depicting life in rural Iowa.</p><br>
<p>This bank was the last commission that George Elmslie assisted Sullivan on. Shortly after its completion Elmslie joined the Minnesota partnership of Purcell & Feick, the new firm being named Purcell, Feick & Elmslie.</p><br>
<p>Peoples Bank was purchased around 1989 by Minneapolis-based Norwest Corporation, which a few years later acquired Wells Fargo and took on its name. The Third Avenue building continued to serve as the Cedar Rapids/Marion areas main Wells Fargo branch, but because of its proximity to the Cedar River, it was impacted by the Great Iowa Flood of 2008. As such, the main bank is currently closed. Wells Fargos Web site says the adjacent motor bank is operating, however.</p><br>
<h2>Other Louis Sullivan "jewel boxes"</h2><br>
<p>Farmers and Merchants Bank, Columbus, Wisconsin (1919)</p><br>
<p>Henry Adams Building, Algona, Iowa (1913)</p><br>
<p>Home Building Association Company, Newark, Ohio (1914)</p><br>
<p>Merchants&#39; National Bank, Grinnell, Iowa (1914)</p><br>
<p>National Farmer&#39;s Bank, Owatonna, Minnesota (1908)</p><br>
<p>People&#39;s Federal Savings and Loan Association, Sidney, Ohio (1918)</p><br>
<p>Purdue State Bank, West Lafayette, Indiana (1914)</p><br>
<p>Waterrock Knob is a mountain peak in the USA state of North Carolina. It is the highest peak in the Plott Balsams and is the 16th-highest mountain in the Eastern United States.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is a popular destination with tourists and amateur hikers, as it is easily accessible from the parkway. A visitors center is located near its summit and a hiking trail leads to its top. The hiking trail and visitors center are manned and maintained by the National Park Service, part of the United States Department of the Interior.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Waterrock Knob is named as such because of a spring located near the summit where hunters would refill their canteens.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>With an elevation of 6,292 ft, Waterrock Knob is the highest peak in the Plott Balsams and is the 13th-highest mountain in the Eastern United States if using a 160 ft prominence rule.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is split by both Haywood and Jackson counties in the western mountains of the state. The mountain&#39;s summit is located within the Blue Ridge Parkway National Park Service unit. Cherokee is located about 10 mi to the west, while Richland Balsam is located about 10 mi to the southeast.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking</h2><br>
<p>Waterrock Knobs summit cam be accessed from the Waterrock Knob Visitor Center, located a milepost 451.2 on the Blue Ridge Parkway. This 0.6 mi long trail ascends over 400 ft from visitor centers parking lot and is paved for the first quarter mile.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>The Hyde Collection is an art museum in the city of Glens Falls in Upstate New York. The collections were endowed by the Hyde family. The museum is housed in a historic refurbished early twentieth-century residence, the Hyde House, located at 161 Warren Street in Glens Falls, New York, a building that is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Founded by Louis and Charlotte Hyde, the collection contains historic furniture, books, paintings, sculptures and pottery. Now expanded with many modern additions, the museum, while relatively small and "off the beaten track" contains an impressive and broad collection including Italian Renaissance and eighteenth-century French antiques, and works by Botticelli, El Greco, van Dyck, Ingres, Raphael, Rembrandt, Rubens, Tintoretto, Cézanne, Degas, Matisse, Picasso, Renoir, and van Gogh. In addition, works by important American artists including Eakins, Childe Hassam, Winslow Homer, Ryder, and Whistler are also present.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Charlotte Pruyn Hyde established a trust in 1952 that dedicated her home and her extensive art collection to the community. The Trust Agreement also set forth the future mission of the Museum. Charlotte Hyde’s vision, as stated in the Trust, was for the trustees "to establish and maintain a museum for the exhibition of art objects...and to promote and cultivate the study and improvement of the fine arts, for the education and benefit of the residents of Glens Falls and vicinity and the general public." The Hyde art collection is a product of the golden age of the private art collector (c. 1890 to 1940).</p><br>
<p>Mrs. Hyde (1867–1963) was born in Glens Falls, New York into one of the leading industrialist families of the Adirondack region. Her father, Samuel Pruyn, co-founded Finch, Pruyn & Company, Inc. in 1865. Pruyn soon became the sole owner of the paper manufacturer, and thus established the foundation of the family’s wealth.</p><br>
<p>Samuel’s oldest daughter Charlotte met the young Harvard law student Louis Hyde (1866–1934) while attending finishing school in Boston. They married in 1901 and in 1906 Charlotte’s father encouraged his son-in-law to leave his practice in Massachusetts and join the family business. Consequently, the couple returned to Charlotte’s hometown and Louis became vice president of the paper mill.</p><br>
<p>Between 1904 and 1912 Charlotte and her sisters, Nell Cunningham and Mary Hoopes, built homes on adjoining property overlooking the Hudson River (the Cunningham House and Hoopes House). Boston architect Henry Forbes Bigelow was commissioned to design all three residences. All three houses were built by well-known architect and structural engineer Robert Rheinlander. Each embraced the American Renaissance propensity to adapt European architectural traditions to American taste. Hyde House, however, completed in 1912 in the style of a Florentine Renaissance palazzo, stands as the most impressive and significant example of this practice.</p><br>
<p>Hyde collection2.JPGLooking east</p><br>
<p>Hyde collection 2.JPGLooking west</p><br>
<p>With Hyde House complete, the couple began to acquire the furnishings and art works that best suited the scale and environment of their new home. Throughout the decades that followed, they thoughtfully continued to acquire pieces during summer sojourns to Europe, and more often, from their favorite New York City dealers.</p><br>
<p>By 1930, their collection was widely recognized. When Mr. Hyde died in 1934, approximately one-third of the core collection had been assembled. During the next thirty years, Mrs. Hyde continued to expand its scope, ultimately including representative objects from the span of western art history. They were aided in the collecting by the noted buyer for renaissance art, Bernard Berenson.</p><br>
<p>Three months after Mrs. Hyde died in 1963, the Hyde Collection opened to the general public. In 1984 Hyde House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1989, an expansion designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes connected Hyde House and the recently acquired Cunningham House. Overnight, this addition of four galleries, an auditorium, art storage, classrooms and a museum shop, consciously broadened the Museum’s scope of purpose.</p><br>
<p>Today this expansion supports an ambitious schedule of special exhibitions that embraces a diversity of styles, periods, and media. From monographic shows of artists like Winslow Homer and Auguste Rodin, to more broadly defined projects, each is intended to serve as an important complement to the semi-permanent installation within Hyde House.</p><br>
<p>In May 2004, The Hyde completed an expansion and renovation. The complete restoration of historic Hyde House unfolded, with the stucco exterior completely replaced and restored, while inside, the implementation of a historic furnishing plan effectively captured a once fading past and returned a heightened degree of integrity to the visitor’s experience. In April 2010, Finch Paper announced its purchase of the Glens Falls Armory, adjacent to the Hyde Collection, for possible expansion of the museum and its programs.</p><br>
<p>The Carron  is a river in central Scotland, rising in the Campsie Fells and flowing along Strathcarron into the Firth of Forth. It has given its name to several locations in Stirlingshire, as well as a type of cannon, a line of bathtubs, two warships, and an island in the Southern Hemisphere.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river rises in the Campsie Fells before flowing into the Carron Valley Reservoir and along Strathcarron.</p><br>
<p>It passes by Denny, then between Larbert and Falkirk, then past Carron village. Just as the M9 motorway crosses the river, the Forth and Clyde canal joins the river. It then flows into the Forth near Grangemouth. The tributary water sources are: Carron Valley Reservoir, Avon Burn, Earl’s Burn, Auchenbowie Burn, Loch Coulter Reservoir, Bonny Water, Glencryan Burn, Red Burn, Union Canal and the Forth and Clyde Canal.</p><br>
<h3>Carron Bridge</h3><br>
<p>The Carron Bridge crosses the Carron at the eastern extremity of Strathcarron Forest. It was built in 1695 to replace a ford that had existed for many hundreds of years as part of an old drove road from Kilsyth to Stirling. This bridge, with its two span stone arches, looks larger than it needs to be because the river was much larger before Carron Dam was built to create a reservoir in the 1930s.</p><br>
<h3>Historical references</h3><br>
<p>The river is thought by some to be the "Itys" described by Ptolemy in Geographia, his extensive 2nd century compilation of geographical knowledge.</p><br>
<p>Nennius, the Welsh historian of the 9th century, believed the name of the Carron was derived from Carausius, the 3rd century Roman commander who declared himself emperor of Britannia and northern Gaul.</p><br>
<p>The name may in fact come from the British caer avon, meaning "river of the forts", alluding to the Roman fortifications built on its banks as a barrier between their territory and that of the Picts. According to the Ossian poems of James Macpherson, the name is Gaelic in origin and means "winding river".</p><br>
<p>In the 17th century, William Nimmo described the river and region as follows:</p><br>
<p>The whole length of its course, from west to east, is some 14 miles, the first half of which is spent among bleak hills and rocks, but, when it has reached the low grounds, its banks are fertile and wooded, and, as it advances, the neighbouring soil increases in richness and value...The stream is small comparatively, yet there is no river in Scotland whose surroundings have been the scene of so many memorable events.</p><br>
<p>...A short distance from its source, the river enters the Carron Bog. This vast plain and meadow... Considerably elevated above the ocean, it occupies part of the table-land between the eastern and western coasts. It has, probably, been a lake at no very distant period, and gradually filled by the hill brooks washing down debris. Part, indeed, is a swamp scarcely passable at any time, but nearly inundated by every heavy rain.</p><br>
<p>...in the division called Temple Denny, the Carron, having worn a hollow channel in the rock, forms a beautiful cascade, by pouring its contracted stream over a precipice above 20 feet in height...When the river is in flood, and a triumphant torrent sweeps down the glen, this cascade is unsurpassed among Scottish streams for the grandeur of its storm of spray...Over the serpentine road down-hill to Denny the spirit of beauty everywhere prevails. The intervening district, indeed, is famous for its pastoral undulations; and from almost every breezy brae-top a charming view is got of the wooded banks of the river – foliage which, even in the present green-tide, displays all the variety of autumnal richness.</p><br>
<p>The river is also referred to in the Scots song "Lads O&#39; the Fair":</p><br>
<p>For ye can see them a, the lads o the fair</p><br>
<p>Lads frae the Forth an&#39; the Carron Water</p><br>
<p>Workin lads an lads wi&#39; gear</p><br>
<p>Lads thatll sell ye the provosts dochter</p><br>
<p>Sogers back frae the German Wars</p><br>
<p>Peddlers up frae the Border</p><br>
<h2>Strathcarron</h2><br>
<p>The terrain in and around the strath of the Carron is rough and scenic. Munros and Corbetts jut skyward from the landscape. As such, the region attracts tourists.</p><br>
<h3>Strathcarron Loch / Carron Valley Reservoir</h3><br>
<p>The 1,000 acre Strathcarron Reservoir, completed in 1939, is stocked with brown trout by the Carron Valley Fishery.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir has proved to be an ideal habitat for the Carron&#39;s indigenous brown trout population. Thriving on the rich feeding of the newly flooded strath and with easy access to its many excellent spawning and nursery streams, the "wild brownies" of Strathcarron Reservoir are numerous.</p><br>
<h3>The Carron Works</h3><br>
<p>The Carron Company was an ironworks established in 1759 on the north bank of the Carron two miles downstream of Falkirk. This company was at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution in Britain.</p><br>
<p>The company&#39;s local coal mining operations were known as the "Carron Collieries". The villages of Carronhall and Carronshore contained dwellings for miners and factory workers. This area was serviced by the Carron Branch Railway.</p><br>
<p>Through the factorys products, the rivers name passed to the naval cannon called the carronade. These big guns were used during in Napoleonic Wars in melees such as the Battle of Trafalgar as well as various naval battles during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The Carron Company was broken up in 1982 and various parts of the company closed down, Carron Bathrooms Ltd who manufacture Acrylic Baths and shower trays, and Carron Phoenix who manufacture kitchen sinks, are still in existence.</p><br>
<h2>Warships</h2><br>
<p>The USS Carronade (named after the cannon that was named after the river), was a ship of the USA Navy that was completed in 1955. Finished too late to serve in the Korean War, she was taken out of service but re-commissioned for the Vietnam War. She was decommissioned again in 1969.</p><br>
<h2>Carronade Island</h2><br>
<p>In July 1916, was on wartime patrol and came to a small island on the northern coast of Western Australia. The crew discovered two bronze cannons standing six feet apart and pointing into the air.</p><br>
<p>Since at the time these guns were erroneously thought to be carronades, the island on which they had been found was named Carronade Island after this discovery. Several 20th century observers misconstrued the origin of these guns and they were long thought to give weight to the theory of Portuguese discovery of Australia. However, scientists at the Western Australian Museum in Fremantle have recently made a detailed analysis and have determined that these weapons are almost certainly of Makassan, rather than European, origin.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Adams Building, also known as the Land and Loan Office Building, is a historic building located in Algona, Iowa, United States. It was designed by Louis Sullivan in 1912.</p><br>
<p>Although it was not designed as a bank, and has never served as such, the building is nonetheless considered to be one of Sullivans "Jewel Boxes," a series of banks designed and built in the Midwest between 1909 and 1919. As in the other "Jewel Boxes," Sullivan included many windows, both on the street side and in the skylight that allowed a great deal of natural light inside. The simple massing of this small, rectangular building with its clearly defined structure makes it typical of Sullivans later work. The same massing and similar detailing, particularly the entrance, had been used by Sullivan&#39;s former associates Purcell & Elmslie in their slightly larger Exchange State Bank in Grand Meadow, Minnesota in 1910 and it is possible that this design influenced Sullivan. (Brooks) Sullivan was assisted in the design by his draftsman, Parker Berry, who drew the perspectives.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998, under the name of "Land and Loan Office Building."</p><br>
<h2>Other Louis Sullivan "jewel boxes"</h2><br>
<p>Farmers and Merchants Bank, Columbus, Wisconsin (1919)</p><br>
<p>Home Building Association Company, Newark, Ohio (1914)</p><br>
<p>Merchants&#39; National Bank, Grinnell, Iowa (1914)</p><br>
<p>National Farmer&#39;s Bank, Owatonna, Minnesota (1908)</p><br>
<p>People&#39;s Federal Savings and Loan Association, Sidney, Ohio (1918)</p><br>
<p>Peoples Savings Bank, Cedar Rapids, Iowa (1912)</p><br>
<p>Purdue State Bank, West Lafayette, Indiana (1914)</p><br>
<p>Heron Lake is a reservoir in Rio Arriba County, in northern New Mexico in the southwestern United States. The lake is part of the San Juan-Chama Project, which transfers water from the upper reaches of the San Juan River through the 12.8 mi Azotea Tunnel , into Willow Creek and the Rio Chama .</p><br>
<p>Water is impounded in Heron Lake by the 1,250 ft long, 263 ft high Heron Dam, which was completed in 1971. The 5,900 acre lake is approximately 4 mi long and 3 mi wide, and lies at an elevation of up to 7,186 ft. Heron Dam is owned and operated by the United States Bureau of Reclamation.</p><br>
<p>The southern shore is the location of Heron Lake State Park, featuring over 200 camping and picnic sites, and two improved boat ramps. The lake is a destination for salmon and trout fishing, as well as for small boat sailing. Boat speeds are restricted by a no-wake policy. A 5.5 mi hiking trail crosses the Rio Chama Gorge via a pedestrian suspension bridge, and then runs southwest through wooded terrain to the grounds of El Vado Lake State Park.</p><br>
<p>The lake, dam, and state park are named after Kenneth A. Heron, an engineer in the early 1900s who realized that water could be diverted from wetter areas to the north, to the benefit of more arid regions to the south.</p><br>
<p>Loch Dùghaill  is a freshwater tidal loch on the River Carron in Wester Ross, Scotland. The A890 road and the Kyle of Lochalsh Line a branch of the Highland railway both run along its northwest shore. Loch Carron is located 8 km downriver.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The loch has a southwest to northeast orientation. The lochside contains two contrasting land features on the east and west sides, with the north side on a shallow climbing slope. The southend of the loch has a opening, containing the outflow to the River Carron, with several small lochans on the flat plain at the southern end of the loch. On the east side, the cliff face rising to the plateau of Creag An Eilein riseing almost vertically on the east coast of the loch, starting beyond the northeast end of the loch and continuing down past the end of the loch, rising even higher before levelling out at Strathcarron. The slope rises to Creag Dhubh Mhor at 612 metres. At the east side of the loch, is the mountain of Sgurr na Feartaig at 862 m. The west side, that contains both the railway and road, is a shallow slope which becomes increasing steep rising to Fuar Tholl at 907 m.</p><br>
<p>The Sierra Pelona Mountains, or the Sierra Pelona Ridge, is a mountain range of the Transverse Ranges in Southern California. Located in northwest Los Angeles and southern Kern Counties, the range is bordered on the north by the San Andreas fault and lies within and is surrounded by the Angeles National Forest.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Sierra Pelona Mountains lie northwest of the San Gabriel Mountains, which are divided by the wide Soledad Canyon formation. The mountains are flanked to the south by the Santa Clarita Valley and separated from the Antelope Valley to the north by the San Andreas Fault. Toward the southwest lie Vasquez Rocks, thrust up by the fault. The Tejon Pass separates the Sierra Pelonas, the San Emigdios and the Tehachapis near Gorman and Lebec.</p><br>
<p>Within the Sierra Pelonas lie the rural areas of Three Points, Lake Hughes, Elizabeth Lake and Green Valley, as well as Liebre Mountain, Burnt Peak, Sawmill Mountain, Grass Mountain and Mount McDill.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The climate of the mountains is a temperate Mediterranean. Summers are mostly dry but for the occasional thunderstorm, and winters comparatively cold and wet. Snowfall is infrequent due to the relatively low elevations of mountains within this range, with only the few tallest peaks regularly receiving snowfall during the winter.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Mainly the range falls under the California montane chaparral and woodlands ecoregion, excepting the northeastern flank&#39;s gradual slope into the Antelope Valley near Palmdale. The mountains are primarily covered in short grasses, scrub oak trees, yucca, and other chaparral shrubs. The range is prone to wildfires in the summer and fall, especially when the Santa Ana winds blow in from the Antelope Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Three major tributaries of the Santa Clara River and numerous minor watercourses and washes drain the range: Castaic Creek, San Francisquito Creek, and Bouquet Creek.</p><br>
<p>Three sag ponds nestle within the narrow valley that divides the mountains from the Antelope Valley: Hughes Lake, Munz Lakes, and Elizabeth Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Human history</h2><br>
<h3>Native American Habitation</h3><br>
<p>The Native population of California in the Sierra Pelona and Santa Susana Mountains included the Tataviam and Serrano people. They traded with the Tongva and Chumash to the south and west, until the Spanish colonization of the Americas relocated them from their homelands.</p><br>
<h3>18th & 19th Centuries</h3><br>
<p>The San Francisquito Canyon, which runs north-south through the mountains, served as a major wagon route between the Antelope and San Fernando Valleys. This corridor summited at San Francisquito Pass and was part of the El Camino Viejo - an alternate land route to the El Camino Real for reaching northern Spanish and Mexican colonial Alta California - as well as the Butterfield Overland Mail route.</p><br>
<h3>20th Century</h3><br>
<p>The Ridge Route, a landmark two-lane highway that connected Los Angeles to the rest of California, was built along the western flank of the mountain range and was completed in 1915. It was later bypassed by the Ridge Route Alternate (US 99) in 1930, itself superseded by Interstate 5 completed in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The rapid development of Southern California throughout the 20th century saw construction of the Los Angeles Aqueduct and five separate reservoirs to supply water to the region: Castaic Lake, Bouquet Reservoir, Drinkwater Reservoir, and Dry Canyon Reservoir and the St. Francis Reservoir, both now drained and destroyed.</p><br>
<h2>Highest peaks</h2><br>
<p>Burnt Peak 5,788 ft (1,764 m)</p><br>
<p>Liebre Mountain 5,760+ ft (1756+ m)</p><br>
<p>Sawmill Mountain 5,514 ft (1681 m)</p><br>
<p>Jupiter Mountain 4,498 ft (1,371 m)</p><br>
<p>Redrock Mountain (benchmark) 3,991 ft (1,216 m)</p><br>
<h2>Adjacent landforms</h2><br>
<p>Tehachapi Mountains - on the northeast</p><br>
<p>San Emigdio Mountains - on the northwest</p><br>
<p>Topatopa Mountains - on the west</p><br>
<p>Santa Susana Mountains - to the southwest</p><br>
<p>San Gabriel Mountains - to the east</p><br>
<p>Santa Clarita Valley - to the south</p><br>
<p>Soledad Canyon - to the southeast</p><br>
<p>Antelope Valley - on the east-northeast</p><br>
<p>Belle Air Plantation is an estate located on the north bank of the James River in Charles City County, Virginia, United States. It is located along State Route 5, a scenic byway which runs between the independent cities of Richmond and Williamsburg. Belle Air is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Belle Air is a unique surviving example of a wooden house with postmedieval-style exposed interior timber framing. It is probably the oldest plantation dwelling along State Route 5. Daniel Clark purchased the Belle Air tract in 1662. The original five-bay portion of Belle Air possesses architectural details characteristic of seventeenth century construction with a floor plan and façade fenestration characteristic of 18th-century design. The post medieval-style exposed interior timber framing is the only example found in a frame building in Virginia. The hand-hewn timbers serve as both structural framing and decorative woodwork. Summer beams, which run through the center of the ceilings into the chimneys, serve as the principal supporting members for the floor joists above. Also on the property are a contributing frame smokehouse with a pyramidal roof, and a frame kitchen.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Belle Air remained in the Clark family through the eighteenth century. It was later purchased by Col. William Green Munford, who had served as a Colonel in the Continental Army. Inherited by his son, John Munford, at the Colonel&#39;s death in 1786, it was sold to John Cocke in 1792. The property was purchased by Hamlin Willcox, a prosperous Charles City County planter, in 1800 and he added the three-bay western portion of the house. The house remained in the Willcox family, which also owned nearby North Bend Plantation at the time of the Civil War, until 1945. Belle Air was restored by the current owner, Mrs. Walter O. Major.</p><br>
<h2>Visitation</h2><br>
<p>The house is open for guided tours during Historic Garden Week and by appointment.</p><br>
<p>Edgewood Plantation is an estate located north of the James River in Charles City County, Virginia. It is located along State Route 5, a scenic byway which runs between the independent cities of Richmond and Williamsburg. Edgewood was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Circa 1849, Edgewood Plantation is an exquisite 7,000 square foot example of Gothic Revival architecture. Edgewood, once part of the grounds of Berkeley Plantation, is the sole example of Gothic Revival architecture found along the James River. The traditional center hall plan of the house provides the setting for a three-story stairway, which occupies the space beneath four steeply-pitched gables. The house was built around 1854 for Richard S. Rowland who moved to Charles City County from New Jersey to operate the gristmill on the property.</p><br>
<h2>The Mill</h2><br>
<p>Rowland&#39;s Mill was built during the 18th century by Benjamin Harrison V of Berkeley Plantation.</p><br>
<p>It was visited during the Civil War by General J.E.B. Stuart and during the American Revolutionary War by British troops led by Benedict Arnold.</p><br>
<h2>Civil War history</h2><br>
<p>During the American Civil War the third floor of Edgewood was used as a lookout post for Confederate generals when their troops were camped at nearby Berkeley and the gristmill ground corn for both the Union and Confederate armies. On June 15, 1862, Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart stopped at Edgewood for refreshment on his way to Richmond to warn General Robert E. Lee of the Union Army&#39;s strength.</p><br>
<h2>Subsequent history</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1900s, Edgewood became Charles City County&#39;s first restaurant, The Blue Tea Pot. Edgewood currently rents rooms as a bed and breakfast, and offers Victorian high teas and special themed tours.</p><br>
<h2>Visitation</h2><br>
<p>The grounds are open daily from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. daily and guided tours of the house are available daily by appointment.</p><br>
<p>Roscoe Village is located in Coshocton, Ohio, United States, is a restored Ohio and Erie Canal town. Roscoe Village, was laid out in 1816, Roscoe was originally named Caldersburgh after its founder James Calder. After going bankrupt, the Coshocton merchant moved across the Muskingum River to some land he had somehow managed to retain. Setting up a store and naming the place after himself, Calder reasoned that the rural farmers would much rather do business in Caldersburgh than pay the twenty-five cents for the ferry over to Coshocton. In 1830, two prominent citizens petitioned the state legislature to rename the village Roscoe in honor of William Roscoe, the famous English author and abolitionist of the time.</p><br>
<p>The transformation of Roscoe from a small, sleepy community into a thriving port along the Ohio and Erie Canal came with the arrival of the canal and the landing of the first canal boat, the Monticello, on August 21, 1830. The Ohio and Erie Canal, which provided cheap transportation for people and goods, granted great economic development for communities along the waterway. With its status as the fourth largest wheat port on the canal, Roscoe’s prosperity ignited a chain of businesses in the area, including a blacksmith, a cooperage, a hotel, a mill, and several stores. State Route 16, which runs parallel to Roscoe today, is the location of the original Ohio and Erie Canal bed.</p><br>
<p>Until the great flood of 1913, the canals continued to operate, but the coming of the railroads marked the passing of the canal heyday. Along with the demise of the canal industry came the decline of Roscoe&#39;s prosperity, and the once thriving canal port and its beautiful Greek Revival buildings rapidly deteriorated.</p><br>
<p>In 1960, the idea of historical restoration in Roscoe came to prominence at the presentation of the Canal Days mural the distinguished American artist Dean Cornwell painted for Coshocton&#39;s 1961 Sesquicentennial Celebration. Cornwell chose a robust 1850s canal scene from Roscoe Village as the subject of his mural. This beautiful 24-foot-by-8-foot mural hangs today in Bank One of Coshocton while a smaller reproduction graces the lobby of the Roscoe Village Visitor Center.</p><br>
<p>Fascinated and inspired by the painting, retired Coshocton industrialist Edward E. Montgomery, and his wife, Frances, purchased the 1840 Toll House in August 1968, thus beginning the restoration of Historic Roscoe Village. Roscoe Village would be, as Mr. Montgomery stated, "a living museum so that people of the 20th century and succeeding ones could enjoy a visit back to the 19th century where aged brick buildings, hoop-skirted women, and quaint shops would bring the canal era back to life." Today, Roscoe Village is the result of more than 35 years of dedicated work.</p><br>
<p>The Foundation also purports to promote education with regard to life along the Ohio and Erie Canal in the mid 19th century. Living history is displayed and there are annual events which attract tourists from all over the country.</p><br>
<p>The Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum is located in the village, and features decorative arts, pioneer and Native American artifacts and local history displays.</p><br>
<p>Crayfish Creek is listed as a protected forest reserve in North West Tasmania, Australia. It is home to the endangered Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish  and - theoretically, rather than in practice - subject to federal protection under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.</p><br>
<p>Since about 1999, Crayfish Creek has been subject to heavy industrial logging in the upper catchment with local residents attributing this as a cause for a significant loss of water volume. A prominent geohydrologist in the State, Dr David Leaman, noted that it was difficult to see whether a buffer zone ever existed upstream from Crayfish Creek, observing that this could be a significant contributor to the drying up of the water body further downstream. This view was made in the context of the fact that the overwhelming majority scientists who have provided input on the need for adequate stream reserves under the Tasmanian Forest Practices Code have been clear that at least a 30-metre buffer zone around Class two, three and four streams should be implemented.</p><br>
<p>Mount Speke lies in the Ruwenzori Mountains National Park in Uganda and is the second highest mountain in this range. Together with Mount Stanley and Mount Baker, it forms a triangle enclosing the upper Bujuku Valley. The nearest peak is Mount Stanley, which is 3.55 km to the south-southwest. The mountains lie within an area called The Mountains of the Moon.</p><br>
<p>All mountains in this range consist of multiple jagged peaks. Mount Speke&#39;s summits are Vittorio Emanuele 4,890 m; Ensonga 4,865 m; Johnston 4,834 m; and Trident 4,572 m. The names were chosen in respect for the Italian royal family; however, the name choice had to be approved by the British Protectorate of Uganda who ruled the region at that time.</p><br>
<p>The people living on the mountains call the Rwenzori, which means rain maker or rain mountains in the Bakonjo language. The Baganda, who could see the mountain range from far, used to call them Gambaragara, which means My Eyes Pain, a reference to the shining snow. The Bakonjo had their own names for the peaks in the Rwenzori range, however, as they had never climbed them, it was difficult to clarify which peak was which. For example, they had names for the three main peaks: Kiyanja, Duwoni and Ingomwimbi. The fact is that for the Bakonjo the high Rwenzori is the home of Kitasamba, god who resides at the high altitudes and cannot be accessed.</p><br>
<p>Early European explorers visited the region in the search for the source of the Nile. This mountain was named after John Speke. While he never climbed this peak, Speke mapped the source of the White Nile in 1862. All the mountain in this region are named after similar early explorers.</p><br>
<p>When Duke of the Abruzzi climbed this summit, he climbed all the other peaks in the Rwenzori range.</p><br>
<p>Due to the large amount of rainfall Mount Speke receives, it is criss-crossed by many rivers and streams. The vegetation tends to be quite thick. There is also a variety of wildlife, including elephants, chimpanzee, monkeys, leopards and antelope.</p><br>
<p>Mount Baker or Kiyanja is a mountain in the Rwenzori Mountains National Park in Uganda, 2.8 km from the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo. With a height of 4,844 m, it is the sixth highest mountain in Africa. Together with Mount Stanley and Mount Speke, it forms a triangle enclosing the upper Bujuku Valley. The nearest peak is Mount Stanley, which is 2.26 km to the west. The mountains lie within an area called "The Mountains of the Moon".</p><br>
<p>Like all peaks in the Ruwenzori Range, Mount Baker has multiple jagged peaks along a ridge. The highest is Edward Peak.</p><br>
<p>The ridge line of Mount Baker was first reached in January 1906 by the Austrian mountaineer Rubert Grauer accompanied by two British missionaries, H. E. Maddox and H. W. Tegart. In February of that year and again in April, the same rocky point was reached by an English expedition, including Alexander F. R. Wollaston, A. B. Wosnam, and M. Carruthers. The highest point of Mount Baker was finally climbed in June by an expedition led by the Duke of the Abruzzi, which climbed all peaks of the other five highest mountains of the Rwenzori.</p><br>
<p>The Bakonjo name for the mountain seems to have been (and currently is) "Kiyanja". On his June 1891 expedition into the Ruwenzori, Franz Stuhlmann observed the peak and named it either "Semper" or "Ngemwimbi". Abruzzi renamed the mountain after Samuel Baker, a 19th-century British explorer who in 1864 was the first European to sight and visit Lake Albert, just northeast of the Ruwenzori Mountains, and who had reported to glimpse "great mountainous masses away in the distance, to the south of Lake Albert."</p><br>
<p>Kolyuchin Bay  is a large bay in the Chukchi Sea on the northern shore of the Chukotka Peninsula, Russia.</p><br>
<p>Administratively this bay belongs to the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>To the west is Cape Vankarem and to the east Neskynpil&#39;gyn Lagoon and Cape Serdtse-Kamen. The length of the bay is 100 km. Its mouth is only 2.8 km because of the Serykh Gusey Islands and the Belyaka Spit (Kosa Belyaka), separate it from the Arctic Ocean. The width increases to 37 km as it goes southwards and inland.</p><br>
<p>The depth of Kolyuchinskaya Bay is 7 to 14 m. The bay is covered with ice most of the year.</p><br>
<p>This bay has an inlet in its southern end known as the Kuetkuyyim Inlet (Kuetkuyyim Zaliv). The Ioniveyem and the Ulyuveyem River flow into it from the south.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1793, the bay was named Count Bezborodko Bay in honor of Russian statesman Alexander Bezborodko. The locals could not get accustomed to this name and the bay was later renamed Kolyuchinskaya after nearby Kolyuchin Island.</p><br>
<p>The Harriet Beecher Stowe House is a historic house museum and National Historic Landmark at 73 Forest Street in Hartford, Connecticut that was once the home of Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Toms Cabin. Stowe lived in this house for the last 23 years of her life. It was her famliys second home in Hartford. The 5,000 sq ft  cottage-style house is located adjacent to the Mark Twain House and is open to the public. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and declared a National Historic Landmark in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Stowe House is a two story brick building, painted gray, resting on a brick foundation. Although the house is basically rectangular, it has a complex roof, with a jerkin-headed gable running parallel to the street, a hip-roof extension to the rear, and small dormers flanking a central dormer flush to the front facade. The gables are decorated with bargeboard, and the eaves have Italianate brackets. The interior of the house follows a fairly conventional center hall plan, with two parlors, dining room, kitchen, and pantry on the first floor, and bedrooms on the second. Though Harriet Beecher Stowe and her family had previously lived in several other homes, Oakhholm was the first constructed specifically for them.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Harriet Beecher Stowe had been living in Massachusetts with her husband Calvin Ellis Stowe, who taught at the Andover Theological Seminary. When Calvin gave his resignation, effective in August 1863, Harriet set to work preparing their first home in Hartford. Fluctuating costs caused by the American Civil War made the project difficult but Harriet enjoyed supervising the work. She wrote to her publisher James Thomas Fields, "I go every day to see it—I am busy with drains sewers sinks digging trenching—& above all with manure!—You should see the joy with which I gaze on manure heaps to which the eye of faith sees Delaware grapes & DAngouleme pears & all sorts of roses & posies". She named the building "Oakholm". The home was complete enough that, by May 1, 1864, she wrote, "I came here a month ago to hurry on the preparations for our house, in which I am now writing, in the high bow-window of Mr. Stowes study, overlooking the wood and river. We are not moved in yet, only our things, and the house presents a scene of the wildest chaos, the furniture having been tumbled in and lying boxed and promiscuous."</p><br>
<p>By 1873, however, Oakholm became too expensive to maintain, and the Stowes sold the house and moved to this home on Forest Street. The home was originally built by Franklin Chamberlin, who had also sold the adjacent land to Mark Twain upon which the Mark Twain House was built.</p><br>
<p>Stowe remained in the home for the last 23 years of her life. Among the works she published while living here was Pogunuc People (1878). She maintained an active career; in addition to her writing, she also embarked on two lecture tours while living in the house.</p><br>
<p>She also pushed for support of the local Wadsworth Atheneum and assisted in establishing the Hartford Art School, now part of the University of Hartford.</p><br>
<p>Stowe died in her upstairs bedroom in the house in 1896 with several of her children, her sister Isabella Beecher Hooker, and other family members at her side.</p><br>
<h2>The Stowe Center</h2><br>
<p>After Harriet Beecher Stowes death in 1896, the property was sold out of the family. It was reacquired by her grandniece, Katharine Seymour Day, in 1924. Day, who had known the family of Mark Twain as a girl, also acquired the neighboring Mark Twain House and saved it from development in 1929. Day bequeathed her Hartford properties to a foundation dedicated to Stowes legacy. Now known as the Harriet Beecher Stowe Center, officially founded in 1941,</p><br>
<p>In addition to the Stowe House, the Center manages an 1873 carriage house, which now serves as the visitors center, and the Katharine Seymour Day House (1884). The Stowe Center preserves the house and centers collections, with a research library that includes letters and documents from the family. The collections include an estimated 6,000 objects and over 200,000 manuscripts, books, photographs, and other materials. The site is part of the Connecticut Women&#39;s Heritage Trail.</p><br>
<p>The Harriet Beecher Stowe Center biennially awards a prize to a USA author whose work is deemed to have affected a critical social issue in the tradition of Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Recipients include:</p><br>
<p>Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn (2011), for Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide.</p><br>
<p>Michelle Alexander (2013), for The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness.</p><br>
<p>Ta-Nehisi Coates (2015), for "The Case for Reparations".</p><br>
<p>The Bregava is a sinking river in Bosnia and Herzegovina that passes through the town of Stolac. It is a left tributary of the Neretva river.</p><br>
<p>The river Bregava and its buildings - bridges, mills and stamping mills over the river - constitutes the backbone of the urban layout of Stolac. It passes through two waterfalls in Stolac, one which is natural and the other artificial, and continue its way through the Bregava canyon leading to Badanj Cave. It is famous for its pure blue colour, like the Neretva river which passes through Mostar. Many natural beaches are spread along the river.</p><br>
<p>Bregava river also gathers a rich flora biodiversity, wild peppermint, sage, thyme, almond trees and numerous fruit trees (pomegranates, kiwis, plums, grapes...), and fauna living around, butterflies, trout, ducks, numerous diverse birds and water snakes.</p><br>
<p>Bridges: the most important surviving bridges on the Bregava are Ćuprija (Inat ćuprija), the oldest surviving bridge on the Bregava, assumed from the style of building to date from the medieval period; Podgradska ćuprija, the second oldest bridge in Stolac municipality, believed to have been built in the early 18th century; the bridge in Begovina, most recent of the three stone bridges in Stolac; the Sara Kašiković bridge, built according to its inscription in 1896. This was a privately owned bridge, and had gates to close it off; it is the largest privately owned bridge; the bridge leading to Ada; the small bridge by the Šarić summer residence; and the bridge by the Ali Pasha mosque.</p><br>
<p>Mills: these are of fairly uniform character, without major differences in the way they were built. In 1664 Evliya Çelebi wrote in his travelogue that there were ten watermills in Dol on the Bregava. In the 18th century Memibegović recounts that the river Bregava runs through Stolac with 180 waterwheels. The oldest known Vakufnama (deed of perpetual endowment) with details of mills was issued for a maintenance endowment dating from 1815, as a result of which the mills can be assumed to date from the early 19th century. They are built of rough-cut stone and are plain and unadorned. Their size is determined by their length, which in turn depends on the number of arches by which the building spans the two banks of the river. The most important of the existing mills are the mill above the Sara Kašiković bridge, the Behmen mill, the Turković mill, and the mills with stamping mills.</p><br>
<p>Stamp mills: these feature mainly in combination with watermills. As a rule, they constitute a small group of buildings, one of which is invariably the stamping mill office where deals were struck. Another is the stamping mill itself, with the upper floor used for drying laundry in winter and used for other purposes in summer. These plain, unadorned buildings are purely of a utilitarian nature.</p><br>
<p>Badanj Cave  is located in Borojevići village near the town of Stolac, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This rather small cave has come to public attention after the 1976 discovery of its cave engravings, that date to between 12,000 and 16,000 BCE.</p><br>
<p>Thanks to local natural benefits and preferable composition, topography, climate, hydrography and vegetation and rich hunting grounds always have attracted prehistoric settlers - the region has been settled since ancient times.</p><br>
<p>The site is rock shelter or overhang recessed beneath a cliff that descends to the right bank of the river Bregava.</p><br>
<p>Two chronologically distinct strata of Palaeolithic occupation were identified beneath the surface layer. Of particular significance was the discovery of a particular carving of the Badanj site, as it ranks among the oldest works of art in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The carving is cut into the diagonal surface of a large polished block of stone, and probably represents a horse seen from the offside flank that has been hit by arrows. Only the rear half of the body survives, with flanks typical for a horse and part of the body; the rest of the drawing has been partly damaged.</p><br>
<p>The Badanj carvings include depictions of animals and symbols, as is typical of Mediterranean prehistoric art. The site was dated to the late Upper Palaeolithic. The cave is part of The natural and architectural ensemble of Stolac, submitted by the Stolac municipality, and the Hercegovina-Neretva county to be recognized a UNESCO heritage site in 2007 and induced into UNESCO&#39;s tentative list. It is also designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2003.</p><br>
<p>Tackett  Mountain is a summit in Young County, Texas, USA. It is located west of the Graham, Texas. Site of famous Indian battle between Pleasant Tackitt and Old Piny Chummy.</p><br>
<p>In the Descriptive History of Early Times in Western Texas, Volume 2, by Joseph Carroll McConnell mentions Tackett Mountain in the book about the area:</p><br>
<p>"Pleasant Tackett, a Methodist minister, settled in Parker County in</p><br>
<p>1854. Two years later he moved his family to Young County, and numbered among the first settlers of that section. The Tackett home was located on the old Fort Belknap and Austin Road, about nine miles south of the post, near Fish Creek: so named for the Tacketts broke the ice and caught fish during the severe winter weather.....in the evening of February 13, 1860, one of Mr. Tacketts milk cows came home through the sleet and snow with an arrow sticking in her side...... back-tracked the cows about three-fourths of a mile, to where they found moccasin racks and saw blankets hanging on the east end of Tackett Mountain. Tackett thought it unwise to make an open attack, but decided to advance upon the Indians from the north......Almost instantly several Indians charged like wild demons. These Indians were under the leadership of Old Piny Chummy, who only a few months before lived on the Comanche Reservation, near old Camp Cooper. Tackett and his sons knew him well, and no doubt, Piny Chummy recognized the Tacketts......Old Piny Chummy charged Parson Tackett himself, and the old chief received a mortal wound from the discharge of the parson&#39;s gun......A white flag was found flying from the top of a tree on Tackett Mountain; and under it were found four bridles, four ropes, four bows, and four quivers of arrows, as well as blankets and other implements. A few days later, soaring vultures disclosed the graves of four warriors killed in this fight.</p><br>
<p>Great Falls Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Caney Fork, straddling the county line between White County and Warren County in the USA state of Tennessee. It is the only dam outside the Tennessee River watershed owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority. The dam impounds the 1,830 acre Great Falls Lake, and its tailwaters feed into Center Hill Lake. The completion of Great Falls Dam in 1917 was an engineering triumph, marking the first successful attempt to impound the volatile and flood-prone Caney Fork. The dam is also notable for its design, utilizing a mostly underground conduit to carry water from the reservoir via a tributary to the Power House 0.75 mi downstream from the dam.Distance measured from and</p><br>
<p>Great Falls Dam is named for the rapids and waterfalls on the Caney Fork downstream from the dam. The section of river below the Power House is world-renowned for whitewater kayaking. The dam and its tailwaters are surrounded by Rock Island State Park.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Great Falls Dam is located approximately 94 mi above the mouth of the Caney Fork, immediately downstream from the Caney Forks confluence with the Collins River. The confluence of these two rivers (the Collins flowing from the southwest and the Caney Fork from the east) creates a peninsula. The two rivers nearly meet at the Narrows, a "land bridge" connecting the peninsula to the mainland. Two tunnels deliver water from the Collins River section of the Great Falls Reservoir to the dams powerhouse located on the Caney Fork 0.75 mi downstream from the dam.</p><br>
<p>Great Falls Reservoir stretches behind the dam for 22 mi along the Caney Fork and for roughly 10 mi along the lower Collins River. The lake also includes a small stretch of the lower Rocky River, which empties into the Caney Fork about a mile east of the dam.</p><br>
<h2>Capacity</h2><br>
<p>Great Falls Dam is a concrete gravity diversion type dam 92 ft high and 800 ft long, and has a generating capacity of 33,800 kilowatts. Great Falls Reservoir has approximately 49,000 acre.ft of flood storage, 120 mi of shoreline, and 1,830 acre of water surface.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Throughout the 19th century, entrepreneur after entrepreneur attempted to harness the extraordinary hydro power potential of the Caney Fork only to be defeated by one of the volatile rivers disastrous floods. The first major establishment to utilize the rivers power at Great Falls was the Bosson Mill, a gristmill and carding factory that operated at the site across the river from the Power House from the 1860s until its destruction by a flood in 1882. The most prominent venture at Great Falls Gorge was the Falls City Cotton Mill Company, which established a cotton mill and company town, Falls City, just above the gorge in 1892. The company turned a moderate profit until 1902, when the Good Friday Flood destroyed its toll bridge and powerhouse, and the mill was forced to close (the mill and the town&#39;s "spring castle" are still standing, however).</p><br>
<p>By 1900, the rise of major industry in Nashville brought an increased demand for electricity. In 1901, Nashville entrepreneur Arthur Dyer formed the Great Falls Power Company and purchased land on the north side of the gorge with plans to build a dam. Dyer had trouble getting financing for the project, however, and in 1912 sold Great Falls Power to the Tennessee Power Company. The original plans called for a dam 110 ft high. At the "Narrows," where the two tunnels are now located, an open channel was to be made from the Collins River to the Caney Fork. The water was to be carried across the gorge in a steel flume and then in an open canal across Horseshoe Bend, a distance of 1.5 mi. The powerhouse was to be located at least 3 mi by river below the present powerhouse. In so doing a total head of 235 ft would have been available; 110 ft at the dam, 75 ft between the dam and the present powerhouse and 50 ft around horseshoe bend.</p><br>
<p>With financing from Chicago business interests, Tennessee Power began construction work on the dams foundation. Within a month, however, the Caney Fork burst its banks again, flooding out the projects excavation work and destroying its cofferdams. Tennessee Power again struggled with finances, but was able to resume construction in 1915 and by late 1916, the 40 ft high dam had been completed. The plant went into operation on January 1, 1917.</p><br>
<p>In 1922, the Tennessee Power Company merged with several other entities to form the Tennessee Electric Power Company (TEPCO). TEPCO tripled the capacity of Great Falls Dam by raising the dam 35 ft and installing a second generator at the powerhouse downstream. The dam faced its first major test in March 1929, when several cloudbursts atop the Cumberland Plateau caused the Caney Fork to expand to record flood volumes, sending wreckage and uprooted trees crashing into the dam. The Great Falls Power House was flooded and a substation was destroyed, but the dam held.</p><br>
<p>The passage of the TVA Act in 1933 gave the Tennessee Valley Authority oversight of flood control operations in the Tennessee River watershed, where most of TEPCO&#39;s dams were located. Jo Conn Guild, the head of TEPCO, vehemently opposed TVA and challenged the constitutionality of the TVA Act in federal court. After the USA Supreme Court upheld the act, however, TEPCO was forced under eminent domain to sell its assets to TVA for $78 million. This sum included $3.5 million for Great Falls Dam.</p><br>
<p>After its acquisition, TVA almost immediately began making improvements to Great Falls Dam. By 1946, grouting work had repaired much of the leakage through the cliffside, which had been an issue since the dam&#39;s creation. TVA also built a new switchyard and control building. In the late 1960s, the agency leased part of the Great Falls reservation to the state of Tennessee for the development of Rock Island State Park, which opened in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The Buffalo Electric Vehicle Company was an American electric car manufacturing company from 1912 until 1915 located at 1219-1247 Main Street in Buffalo, New York. The motorcars were marked under the Buffalo brand. The company was formed by a merger of several electrical vehicle and allied companies which included:</p><br>
<p>Babcock Electric Carriage Company (whose founder Francis A. Babcock became Buffalo&#39;s president)</p><br>
<p>Van Wagoner whose trucks were continued by the new company</p><br>
<p>The Buffalo Automobile Station Company</p><br>
<p>Buffalo Electric Carriage Company</p><br>
<p>The Clark Motor Company</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The company&#39;s automobiles were commonly marketed to affluent women as an alternative to the dangerous manual crank starting that was required with a gasoline vehicle. The company went out of business in 1916.</p><br>
<p>The Buffalo Electric Vehicle Company Building is a historic automobile factory and showroom located at Buffalo in Erie County, New York. It was constructed in 1910-1911. The building has been redeveloped as home to "Artspace Buffalo."</p><br>
<p>The company&#39;s factory and showroom was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
